Database Management System
Part 1: Very Short Questions (1 Mark)
1. What is a database? A database is a collection of related data stored in a systematic way for a specific purpose.
2. What is data? Data refers to raw facts and figures collected from various sources.
3. Define information. Information is the meaningful result obtained after processing raw data.
4. What is the full form of DBMS? The full form is Database Management System.
5. Name any one DBMS software. Microsoft Access is a common DBMS software.
6. What is a table in a database? A table is a collection of data organized into rows and columns.
7. What is a field? A field is a vertical column in a table that represents a specific unit of information.
8. What is a record? A record is a horizontal row in a table that contains complete information about a specific object or person.
9. What is a Primary Key? It is a field that uniquely identifies each record in a table and does not accept null values.
10. What is a Foreign Key? A Foreign Key is a field used to establish a relationship between two tables by referring to the primary key of another table.
11. What is MS-Access? It is a relational database management system software developed by Microsoft.
12. Name one object of MS-Access. A Query is one of the main objects in MS-Access.
13. What is a Query? A Query is an object used to retrieve, filter, or manipulate data from one or more tables.
14. What is a Form? A Form is a user interface used to enter, view, and edit data in a table.
15. What is a Report? A Report is an object used to present data from a table or query in a formatted, printable layout.
16. What is sorting? Sorting is the process of arranging records in ascending or descending order.
17. What is filtering? Filtering is the process of displaying only the records that meet specific criteria.
18. Which data type is used for long descriptions? The Memo data type is used for detailed descriptions.
19. What is the default field size for Text data type? The default size is 50 characters.
20. What is the maximum size for Text data type? It can store up to 255 characters.
21. What is the storage size of the Number data type? It can take up to 4 bytes or more depending on its subtype.
22. What is the storage size of the Currency data type? It occupies 8 bytes of memory.
23. What is the storage size of the Yes/No data type? It occupies 1 bit.
24. What is an OLE Object? It stands for Object Linking and Embedding, used to link external files like images or documents.
25. What is a Hyperlink data type? It is used to store links to web pages, emails, or other files.
26. What is a Wizard in MS-Access? A Wizard is a tool that helps perform complex tasks through step-by-step instructions.
27. What is the use of the Caption property? It provides a descriptive label for a field to be displayed on forms or reports.
28. What is a Validation Rule? It is a property that limits the data values a user can enter into a field.
29. What is Validation Text? It is the message displayed when a user enters data that violates a validation rule.
30. What is the Required property? When set to Yes, it forces the user to enter a value in that field.
31. What is the default value property? It automatically fills a field with a predefined value when a new record is created.
32. What is Indexing? Indexing is used to speed up the process of searching and sorting data.
33. What is the difference between A to Z and Z to A sorting? A to Z is Ascending order, and Z to A is Descending order.
34. What is an Action Query? A query that changes data or the structure of a table.
35. Name one type of Action Query. An Update Query is a type of action query.
36. What is a Select Query? A query used to retrieve and display specific data from tables.
37. What is the use of the "Run" command in Queries? It executes the query to show the resulting data.
38. What is an expression in Access? It is a combination of operators, field names, and constants used for calculations.
39. What is Data Redundancy? It refers to the repetition of the same data in a database.
40. How does DBMS handle redundancy? It minimizes duplication by centralizing data storage.
41. What is the use of the "Freeze" command? It keeps specific columns visible while scrolling through other fields.
42. What is the use of "Hide Fields"? It temporarily hides columns in a table without deleting them.
43. What is the Memo data type's character limit? It can store up to 65,535 characters (implied as "long text").
44. Which data type generates numbers automatically? The AutoNumber data type.
45. What is an Entity? An entity is an object, person, or place about which data is stored.
46. What is a Null Value? A Null value represents missing or unknown information.
47. What is a Composite Key? A Primary Key consisting of more than one column.
48. Name a form layout. Columnar is one type of form layout.
49. What is an Attribute? An attribute is a characteristic or property of an entity (represented as a field).
50. What is the storage size of Date/Time data type? It occupies 8 bytes.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Part 2: Short Questions (2 Marks)
1. Differentiate between Data and Information. Data consists of raw, unprocessed facts, while Information is organized data that provides clear meaning and is useful for decision-making.
2. Mention any two advantages of using a DBMS. It helps in controlling data redundancy and ensures data security by protecting information from unauthorized access.
3. Explain the term "Data Redundancy" in detail. Data redundancy is the unnecessary repetition of the same information in different places in a database, which wastes storage and can cause errors.
4. What are the features of a Primary Key? A primary key must contain unique values, cannot be null, and only one primary key is allowed per table.
5. Why is a Primary Key important in a table? It is important because it allows the system to uniquely identify every record and prevents duplicate entries, ensuring data accuracy.
6. Define a Foreign Key and its purpose. A Foreign Key is a field in one table that links to a primary key in another. Its purpose is to create a relationship between tables to maintain data integrity.
7. List four main objects of MS-Access. The four main objects are Tables, Queries, Forms, and Reports.
8. What is the difference between Design View and Datasheet View? Design View is used to create or change the structure of a table (fields and data types), while Datasheet View is used for entering and viewing data.
9. Describe the Text data type in MS-Access. The Text data type is used for short alphanumeric data up to 255 characters. It is commonly used for names and addresses where calculations are not needed.
10. When should a user choose the Memo data type over the Text data type? A user should choose Memo when the information is long, such as detailed notes, comments, or summaries that exceed 255 characters.
11. Explain the Currency data type with an example. The Currency data type is used for monetary values. It prevents rounding during calculations and adds symbols like Rs. or $ automatically.
12. What is the OLE Object data type used for? It is used to store objects like images, sounds, or documents from other programs (like Word or Excel) within the Access database.
13. Explain the purpose of the Validation Rule property. The Validation Rule is used to restrict data entry to ensure it meets specific criteria, such as requiring a number to be between 1 and 100.
14. How are Validation Rule and Validation Text related? The Validation Rule defines the allowed data, and the Validation Text provides the error message that pops up if the rule is broken.
15. What is the function of the "Default Value" property? It simplifies data entry by automatically inserting a specific value into a field every time a new record is added.
16. Differentiate between Sorting and Filtering. Sorting rearranges all records in a specific order, whereas Filtering hides all records except those that meet specific requirements.
17. What is a Query and why is it useful? A Query is a request for data. It is useful because it can extract specific records from huge tables based on the user's questions.
18. Name two types of Action Queries and describe one. Two types are Update and Delete queries. An Update query changes existing field values in a set of records based on criteria.
19. What is the purpose of the Form object? The Form object provides a user-friendly interface for data entry and navigation, making it easier than working directly in a table.
20. Why are Reports used in a database? Reports are used to present data in an organized and attractive layout specifically designed for printing and sharing information with others.
21. How can you add a new field to an existing table in MS-Access? Open the table in Design View, go to the end of the field list, type the new field name, and select the appropriate data type.
22. What is the use of the "Required" property in a field? The Required property ensures that a specific field is never left blank, which is essential for critical information like IDs or names.
23. Explain the concept of "Relationship" between tables. Relationship is a link between two tables using common fields. It allows the database to combine data from different tables for queries and reports.
24. What is a "Composite Primary Key"? A composite primary key is a primary key that consists of two or more fields combined to uniquely identify a record.
25. Define "Data Integrity" in a database. Data integrity refers to the accuracy and consistency of data stored in a database, often maintained through keys and validation rules.
26. Explain the "Input Mask" property. Input Mask provides a template or pattern (like ###-###) that helps users enter data correctly, such as phone numbers or dates.
27. What is the "AutoNumber" data type? It is a data type that automatically assigns a unique, sequential number to each new record, making it ideal for primary keys.
28. What is the "Yes/No" data type used for? It is used for fields that can have only one of two values, such as True/False, On/Off, or Yes/No.
29. Differentiate between a Field and a Record. A Field is a specific category of data (like 'Name'), while a Record is a collection of all fields for one specific entry (like 'John Doe's full info').
30. What happens if you open a table in "Datasheet View"? In Datasheet View, the table appears like a spreadsheet, allowing the user to view, edit, add, or delete actual data records.
31. Explain the "Indexed" property. The Indexed property speeds up searching and sorting for a specific field, though it can slightly slow down data entry.
32. What is a "Select Query"? A Select Query is the most common query type used to retrieve data from one or more tables and display the results in a datasheet.
33. Define "Calculated Field" in a Query. It is a field in a query that performs mathematical or logical operations using data from other fields, such as calculating 'Total' from 'Price' and 'Quantity'.
34. What is the "Lookup Wizard"? It is a tool used to create a drop-down list or a relationship that allows a user to choose a value from another table.
35. Name three layouts available for creating a Form. The three layouts are Columnar, Tabular, and Datasheet.
36. What is the "Print Preview" feature in Reports? Print Preview allows the user to see exactly how the report will look on paper before actually printing it.
37. How do you rename a table in MS-Access? Right-click on the table name in the navigation pane, select Rename, type the new name, and press Enter.
38. What is the "Design View" of a Query? It is a window where you select tables, choose fields, and set specific criteria to define what data the query should find.
39. Explain the "AND" operator in a Query criteria. The AND operator is used when you want the query to find records that meet all the specified conditions simultaneously.
40. Explain the "OR" operator in a Query criteria. The OR operator is used when you want the query to find records that meet at least one of the specified conditions.
41. What is the purpose of the "Total" row in a Query? The Total row allows you to perform aggregate functions like Sum, Avg, Count, Min, or Max on a group of records.
42. Describe the "Justified" layout of a form. In a Justified layout, fields are arranged in a balanced way across the form, usually showing one record at a time.
43. Why should you set a Field Size for a Number field? Setting a Field Size (like Integer or Long Integer) helps save memory and ensures that the data entered fits within specific limits.
44. What is the "Format" property used for? The Format property changes how data is displayed (like showing a date as 'Long Date') without changing the actual stored value.
45. Define "Action Query" and give an example. An Action Query is a query that makes changes to many records at once. An example is a Delete Query that removes all students from a specific city.
46. What is the use of the "Description" column in Design View? It is used to provide extra information about a field, which appears in the status bar when the user enters data.
47. How do you delete a record from a table? Select the entire row by clicking the record selector, then press the Delete key or use the Delete button in the Records group.
48. What is "Relational Database Management System" (RDBMS)? An RDBMS is a DBMS that manages data stored in related tables, allowing for complex data linking and retrieval.
49. Explain the "Allow Zero Length" property. This property determines whether a user can enter an empty string ("") into a text or memo field to indicate that the data is not applicable.
50. How can you change the order of fields in a table? In Design View, click and drag the field selector (the gray box to the left of the field name) to the new desired position.
إرسال تعليق
Thank you for your comment