Biodiversity and environment class 8

Biodiversity and Environment
Multiple Choice Questions:
Which of the following is not the type of biodiversity?
a) genetic diversity b) species diversity
c) ecosystem diversity d) environment diversity
What is the position of Nepal in South Asia regarding biodiversity?
a) First b) second c) Third d) Fourth
How many conservation area are there in Nepal?
a) 5 b) 6 c) 7 d) 8
Which of the following does not belong to three pillars of sustainable development?
a) biological aspect b) economic aspect
c) Environmental aspect d) Social aspect
Which aspect of sustainable development emphasizes social justice?
a) Economic b) Social c) Environmental d) cultural
Which of the following point represents the importance of sustainable development regarding biodiversity?
a) Sustainable development manages irrigation system.
b) Sustainable development helps to make roads for connecting remote places.
c) Sustainable development emphasizes poverty elimination and hygienic lifestyle.
d) Sustainable development emphasizes the balancing of surrounding ecosystem.
Which numbers among the goals of sustainable development, the goal of biodiversity is related?
a) 13 b) 14 c) 15 d) 16
Which of the following statements is incorrect about biodiversity?
a) Biodiversity indicates the species richness in the nature.
b) Biodiversity indicates the variation among the aquatic and terrestrial organisms.
c) Biodiversity decreases the productivity of ecosystem.
d) Biodiversity enhances the ecotourism.
How many indicators are there in the sustainable development goal which came into implementation in 2016 AD?
a) 17 b) 169 c) 232 d) 269
Which thing is emphasized by sustainable development goal Number 15?
a) environmental and biodiversity b) Quality education
c) Climate change d) Good health
Which of the following is not an example of ex-situ conservation?
a) botanical garden b) zoo
c) safari parks d) National park
How many targets are there in sustainable development goal which came into implementation in 2016 AD?
a) 17 b) 169 c) 232 d) 269

Very Short Answer type Questions

1. what is species diversity?

Species diversity refers to the number and type of species living in a certain environment.

2. How many ecosystems are found in Nepal?

There are 118 ecosystems found in Nepal.

3. Give an example of in-situ conservation?

National park is an example of in-situ conservation.

4. What is ex-situ conservation?

The method of conservation in which wild lives are conserved beyond their natural habitat but providing their natural environment as far as practicable within a small boundary or cage is called Ex-situ conservation.

5. Mention the relationship between biodiversity and ecotourism.

Biodiversity enhances ecotourism and raises the economy of a country.

6. Write the names of any one rare animal found in Himalayan region.

Himalayan wild yak is one rare animal found in Himalayan region.

7. Write the name of any one native rice plant that grows at the world’s highest altitude.

Marsi rice is a native rice plant that grows at the world’s highest altitude.

8. How many pillars are prepared for sustainable development?

Three pillars are prepared for sustainable development.

9. Give any one example of ecosystem diversity.

Forest, pond, river, grassland, medows, lake are the one of the example of ecosystem diversity.

10. How many species of butterflies are found in Nepal?

651species of butterflies are found in Nepal.

11. Mention the aim of National Environment Policy 2076.

National Environment Policy 2076 BS has aimed the assurance of people's right to live in a clean and tidy environment by managing domestic and industrial wastes, promoting and maintaining greenery and facility of the drainage system, public toilets in public places, cities etc as far as possible.

12. What do you mean by sustainable development?

Development that meets the need of present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs is called sustainable development.

13. Write any one effort of Nepal in order to achieve sustainable development goals.

One effort of Nepal in order to achieve sustainable development goals:

Nepal government has planned 12-year program which reflects the long-term strategy of government for sustainable development.

14. What is the social aspect of sustainable development?

Proportionate and impartial progress of the whole community is the social aspect of sustainable development.

15. How much percentage of world’s area is occupied by Nepal in terms of biodiversity?

Nepal occupies 3.2% of plant diversity and 1.1% of animal diversity of the world’s area.

Short Answer type Questions [2marks each]

1. Write any two differences between in-situ conservation and ex-situ conservation.

Two differences between in-situ and ex-situ conservation are:

In-situ conservation	Ex-situ conservation
The method of conservation of wildlife in their own natural environment is in-situ conservation.	The method of conservation of wildlife are conserved beyond their natural environment is ex-situ conservation.
This method is suitable for all wild life which are not endangered.	This method is suitable for the wildlife which are endangered or rare.

2. What is biodiversity? Write its types.

The variation among organism of same or different varieties on the basis of genus, species and ecosystem is known as biodiversity. Its types are genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity.

3. How does the development of human resources play role in sustainable development?

Education through formal or informal way, training of skill development, raising of economic status are the aspects of human resource development. These aspect bring positive change in social and economic condition of human being with limited utilization of forest and environmental resource for their needs. Thus, the development of human resources plays crucial role in sustainable development.

4. Write the interrelationship between urbanization and sustainable development.

Urbanization and sustainable development are interrelated with each other. During the development of urban sectors, sustainability in environment can be achieved by embracing innovative solutions, fostering collaboration, and prioritizing long-term planning. We can build cities that are not only livable and prosperous but also environmentally responsible and socially inclusive.

5. What are the fields which are focused by sustainable development?

The fields which are focused by sustainable development are:

a) social field: it includes poverty elimination, a common approach to resources, empowerment of women and marginalized groups, people participation, preservation of cultural identity, etc.

b) economic field: It advocates full contentment (satisfaction) of the present generation in economic activities like production, distribution and consumption of goods and services.

c) Environmental field: It includes the integrity of the fertility of the land, water, air, minerals, climate and biodiversity of plants and animals must be conserved.

6. “Sustainable development must be considered during the developmental work.” Justify this statement.

For every kind of development work, resources are required. These resources are harnessed from the environment. Sustainable development helps to conduct the development work with minimal destruction to the environment. If we follow the principle of sustainable development then we can continue our development work without harming the environment. Therefore, sustainable development must be considered during the development work.

7. Write two differences between species diversity and ecosystem diversity.

Two differences between species diversity and ecosystem diversity are as follows:

Species diversity	Ecosystem diversity
1. It is the variation among the organism of different species .	1. It is the variation on self sustaining system in which there is interaction between biotic and abiotic components.
2. It refers to the variation of different kinds of species in our surrounding.	2. It refers to the diversity of a place at the level of ecosystem .

8. Write any two differences between ecological (ecosystem) and genetic diversity.

Two differences between ecosystem diversity and genetic diversity are:

Ecosystem diversity	Genetic diversity
1. It is the variation among the different ecosystem of multiple places.	It is the variation in the healthy unit or genes.
2. For example pond ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, desert ecosystem, etc.	2. For example children are not similar to that of their parents due to genetic diversity.

9. In Nepal, a lot of diversity is found in plants and animals, why?

Though, Nepal is a small country but it rich in biodiversity. There is a variation in climatic condition, topography, altitude, natural resources within a small range between 65m to 8848 m from sea level. So, a lot of diversity is found in plants and animals in Nepal.

10. Distinguish between species diversity and genetic diversity with two examples in two points.

Two differences between species diversity and genetic diversity are given below:

Species diversity	Genetic Diversity
1. It is the videos in among the organism of different species.	1. It is the variation in heredity unit that transfer parental character to the offspring.
2. It refers to the variation of different kinds of species in our surrounding.	2. It refers to the variation among the members of the same species.
3. For example cats and dogs are dissimilar due to species diversity.	3. Two brothers are differ with each other due to genetic diversity.

11. Why is population control considered as the principle of sustainable development.

    The population of the world is increasing rapidly but the available resources are limited. If the population growth is controlled then the consumption of natural resource will decrease. It results in the environmental conservation and availability of natural resources for future generation. Thus, population control is considered as the principle of sustainable development.

12. Sustainable development is also called long lasting development, why?

    Sustainable development is also called long lasting development because it emphasizes the use of natural resources in judicious way without compromising the availability of the resources for the future.

13. Differentiate between development activities and environmental conservation by any two points.

    Differences between development activities and environmental conservation are given below:

    Development activities	Environmental conservation
    1. These are the activities transforming the surrounding to achieve human needs.	1. The process of wise utilization of natural resources without harming the nature.
    2. These activities does damage to the environment.	2. These activities restore the damaged environment.

14. What is sustainable development? Give an example.

    Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the future generation to to meet their needs is called sustainable development. For example use of solar energy, hydropower energy, wind energy reduces the dependency of energy on environment and thus conserve the environment for future.

15. There is some variation among the individuals of the same species. Why?

    There is some variation among the individual of same species because of the genetic diversity they have different characteristic.

16. It is difficult to conserve any native species with the ex-situ conservation method. Why?

    It is difficult to conserve any native species with ex-situ conservation method because of the following reasons:

    a) Prison like captivated life by wild animal is difficult for them to survive.

    b) It is also difficult to manage the regular diet and physical environment as it needs high cost and labor.

17. Forest fire devastates biodiversity. why?

    Forest fire destroy different species of plants as well as animals. It causes the loss of rare and endangered species of flora and fauna. Ultimately it causes the decline of large species of organism and hence devastates biodiversity.

18. Nepal is rich in biodiversity. Why?

    Nepal is rich in biodiversity because it has many different types of land with unique climate, water resources and temperature that supports different genus species and ecosystem.

19. Write any two differences between development and sustainable development.

    Two differences between development and sustainable development:

    Development	Sustainable development
    1. Development is the process of transforming the surrounding environment to achieve human need for easier livelihood.	The long term development that is conducted by protecting the environment for the present and futures generation is called sustainable development.
    2. Regular development does more damage to the environment.	2. Sustainable development does minimum damage to the environment.

20. Write any two differences between social and environmental aspect of sustainable development.

    Two differences between social and environmental aspect of sustainable development are:

    Social aspect of sustainable development	Environmental aspect of sustainable development
    1. It is related with the culture, norms and values of society that acts as an integral part for sustainable development.	1. It is related with the fertility, biodiversity, mineral and other natural aspects of environment.
    2. It focuses on public participation and poverty elimination.	2. It focuses on conservation of flora and fauna during developmental activities.

21. Sustainable development creates civilized society. Why?

    Sustainable development provides quality food, safe home, quality health services, quality education and jobs. This makes a society healthy and prosperous. It can continue to the development of sustainable society. The healthy and prosperous society is the indication of civilized society.

22. Degradation of biodiversity affects sustainable development. Why?

    Degradation of biodiversity not only reduces the number of flora and fauna and take them to the verge of extinction. Degradation is mainly caused by the over exploitation of natural resources. Thus, it affect sustainable development.

23. What is biodiversity? Give examples.

    The variation among the organism of a particular region is called biodiversity. For example: Individuals of a parent, variation among cat and dogs, etc.

24. Study the given picture and answers the following questions.

i) Which type of method of conservation of biodiversity is shown in the picture?

In-situ method of conservation of biodiversity is shown in the picture.

ii) State the advantage of this model or procedure in biodiversity conservation.

The advantage of in-situ conservation is that the organisms can interact with their physical and biological environment naturally.