Information and Communication Technology

 

UNIT 13: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Multiple Choice Question [1 mark each]

1.      What is a quantity having continuous value called?

a) a binary quantity                 b) a natural quantity    c) a digital quantity     d) an analogue quantity

2.      Which of the following values do analogue signal have?

a) Infinite                                b) finite                                   c) 1 0                           d) None of these

3.      Which of the following is an example of digital signals?

a) Pressure                               b) Binary bits              c) Temperature                        d) Voice

4.      A byte represents a group of ……………….

a) 10 bits                                 b) 16 bits                     c) 8 bits                                   d) 32 bits

5.      How much is one kilobyte (KB) equal to?

1024 bits                                 b) 1000 bits                 c) 2024 bytes               d) 1000 bytes

6.      Analog signals are used in ……………

7.      a) audio recording                   b) temperature sensor  c) image sensor                        d) all of these

8.      The process where technology, program or processes are applied to minimize human intervention is ………….

9.      a) automation                          b) robotics                   c) connectivity                        d) mapping

10.  Digital signal can transmit through ………………

11.  a) fiber optic cable                  b) infrared                   c) microwave               d) All of the above

12.   

Answer: 1(d), 2(a), 3(b), 4(c), 5(c), 6(d), 7(a),

Very Short Answer Question [1 mark each]

1.      What is a signal?

A set of data or information converted into electrical form and suitable for transmission is called a signal.

2.      Define analog signal.

The signal which is continuous in time as well as amplitude is called analog signal.

3.      What is a digital signal?

A digital signal is a signal that represents data as sequence of discrete values in the form of binary digits.

4.      Define channel.

A channel is a separate path through which electrical signal can flow.

5.      What is bandwidth?

6.      Bandwidth is the maximum amount of data transmitted over an internet or between the computers in a specific time.

7.      What is baseband transmission?

Baseband transmission is the method of sending a digital signal over a channel without changing digital signal to analog signal.

8.      What are the medium used by baseband transmission?

The medium used by baseband transmission are twisted pair cables, coaxial cable and wires.

9.      Write the use of baseband transmission.

It is used for Local Area network, telephone communication, Wifi, Bluetooth, digital television, etc.

10.  What is broadband transmission?

Broadband transmission is a method of sending multiple signals of different frequencies over a single communication channel.

11.  Write the medium of transmission of broadband.

The medium for the transmission of broadband are optical fibre cables, co-axial cables and radio waves.

12.  What are the components of digital communication system?

The components of digital communication system are: source, input transducer, encoder, modulator, channel, demodulator, decoder, output transducer and output signal.

13.  What is a digital footprint?

Digital footprints are the collection of data left behind by a user when he/she uses internet.

14.  Define uplink and downlink frequency in signal transmission.

Uplink frequency is the frequency used for transmission of signals from earth station transmitter to the satellite. The downlink frequency is the frequency which is used for transmission of signals from the satellite to the earth station receiver.

15.   What is online reputation?

Online reputation is the reputation of a digital citizen on the internet and digital platform.

16.  Define digital technology with example.

The electronic tools, equipments, systems, devices and resources that generate, store and process data.

17.  What is the relation between bit and byte?

Bit is the smallest unit of binary digit used by computers. Byte is a group of 8 bits. Thus 1 byte=8bits.

18.  Define internet etiquette.

The legal rules of conduct for respectful and appropriate communication on internet are called internet etiquette.

19.  List out two applications that are used to edit audio.

Two applications that are used to edit audio are adobe audition and audacity.

20.  What is online reputation management?

Online reputation management is the process of managing the online information about a person, service, company or brand.

21.  Write the main objective of online reputation management.

The main objective of online reputation is to build a trust with customers or client and to grow business.

22.  What signal transmission technique does not convert digital signal to analog signal?

Digital transmission technique does not convert digital signal to analog signal.

23.  What is the fastest way of sending mail?

Electronic mail is the fastest way of sending mail t

Short Answer Questions [2 marks each]

1.      High-speed internet used in current days is a broadband transmission. Give reason.

Broadband transmission can carry multiple signals at the same time. It allows the users to do multiple task such as downloading, browsing, streaming, etc. using the same internet connection at the same time. It uses bandpass channel which a high bandwidth.

2.      Write advantages of baseband transmission.

Advantages of baseband transmission are:

a)      It is easier to use because of its simple structure.

b)      It has low installation cost.

c)      It is easier to install and maintenance cost is also low.

3.      Write disadvantages of baseband transmission.

The disadvantages of baseband transmission are:

a)      It is used in limited distance transmission.

b)      It can only be used for data and voice.

c)      It has short coverage and limited range.

4.      We should practice digital wellbeing. Why?

We should practice digital wellbeing because of the following reasons:

a)      To avoid getting addicted in digital technology.

b)      To get good sleep and avoid sleep disorder.

c)      Improve the real time relationship.

d)     To protect our privacy from being misused.

5.      Children should not use mobile devices, laptops, etc. more than 2 to 3 hours per day. Why?

Children should not use mobile devices, laptops, etc. more than 2 to 3 hours per day because excessive screen time may cause negative impact on them. It includes:

a)      It can increase distress and anxiety in children.

b)      It can cause mood disorder in children.

c)      Children will involve less in social activity.

d)     It can increase depression and hatred in children.

e)      It can cause myopia in the children.

13.  Write the advantages of broadband transmission.

The advantages of broadband transmission are:

a)      It supports the transmission of data, voice and video.

b)      It offers greater bandwidth.

c)      It can be used for long distance transmission.

14.  Write disadvantages of broadband transmission.

The disadvantages of broadband transmission are:

a)      Its cabling is complex.

b)      Its maintenance is quite difficult.

c)      Its installation cost is expensive.

15.  Digital technology has negative impact. Justify.

16.  Digital invention is one of the major inventions in ICT. Give reason.

17.  Internet is a necessary evil. Give your opinion.

18.  ICT is one of the reason for increasing case of depression, divorce and violence in the society. Give reason.

19.  Why is social media is one of the major aspect of online reputation?

20.  All netizens do not follow the netiquette, why?

21.  Online reputation Management is very important task for an organization, why?

22.   

23.  Write two differences between modulator and demodulator.

Two differences between modulator and demodulator are mentioned below

Modulator	Demodulator
1.      It is the process of influencing data at the transmitter.	1. It is the process of recovering data at the receiver.
2.      The modulation is necessary to add carrier signal and message signal and transfer it.	2. The demodulation is necessary to separate the message signal from carrier signal.

 

24.  Why is it important to manage digital reputation?

It is very important to manage digital reputation because:

a)      People judge us or companies on the basis of online reputation.

b)      Buying products on the basis of online reputation is becoming a trend in the modern world.

c)      We or our companies are observed in social media. So we should maintain online reputation by updating our information regularly.

25.  Write two differences between broadband transmission and baseband transmission.

Two differences between broadband transmission and baseband transmission are:

Baseband			Broadband
In baseband transmission, the type of signaling used is digital.			In broadband transmission, the type of signaling used is analog.
Baseband Transmission is bidirectional in nature.			Broadband Transmission is unidirectional in nature.
Signals can only reach a certain distance.			Long distances can be covered by signals without their strength deteriorating.
The cost of designing this transmission is lower.			This transmission's design is pricey.

26.  List the characteristics of good netizen.

The Characteristics of good netizens are:

a)      He/she should be aware of what he/she is posting.

b)      A good netizen should think of privacy.

c)      He/she should respect others.

d)     Avoid cyber bullying

e)      He/she she should be ethical

f)       Avoid sharing fake news

27.  Digitalization has reduced the burden of carrying cash during buying and selling goods. Justify the statement.

Digitalization has reduced the burden of carrying cash during buying and selling good. This statement can be justified by the following benefits.

a)      Debit card, credit card, digital wallet, etc are used for the transaction of cashless cash to buy and sell goods.

b)      Digital payment can be done anywhere and anytime. We don't need exchange center or ATM machine for the transaction.

c)      Carrying large amount is high risk. Thus, the digital wallet and digital banking reduces the risk of stealing, losing of money.

d)     Such transaction is fast and we need not to wait in a queue to deposit or withdraw amount.

e)      Digital transaction provides a clear records of our transaction.

28.  How has the development of digital technology increased social crimes? Briefly explain.

The development of digital technology has increased social crime and expanded the scope of criminal activities. Here are some ways how digital technology has increased social crimes.

a)      Cyber crime such as hacking and data breaches expose sensitive personal information, leading to the identity theft, financial loss and damage of reputation.

b)      Thorough online platforms, financial fraud, identity theft and financial scams which may bring the heavy loss of finance and reputation of the targeted individual or business.

c)      Online platform specially social media are now a days become the platform of cyber bullying and harassment causing emotional distress and sometime lead to physical harm.

d)     The developed digital technology helps criminal to find and exploit the targeted individual or organization for stalking, human trafficking and extortion.

e)      The anonymous nature of cryptocurrencies can be used for money laundering, fraud, and other illegal activities.

29.  List the various activities of a person or a company that damages their online reputation.

The followings are the list of activities of a person or a company that damages their online reputation.

a)      Transmission of the false or fake or misleading information.

b)      Involvement in the hate speech or social discrimination.

c)      Stealing of other information or work without an authentic permission of an individual or organization.

d)     Insensitive jokes or offensive can ruin the reputation of an individual or company.

e)      Reacting aggressively, dismissively or criticism with the client or customers may demolish the reputation.

30.  Why is digital footprint important?

Digital footprint is important because of the following reasons:

a)      It determines a person’s digital reputation.

b)      To check employee’s activities especially in social media before hiring.

c)      To check the words and photographs that are posted online.

d)     To find the interest of the client about job, hobbies, products, books, etc.

31.  a

Long Answer Questions [4 marks each]

3.      Write any four differences between digital signal and analog signal.

Digital Signal	Analog Signal
1.      Digital signal processing systems are flexible.	1.      Analog signal processing system are not flexible.
2.      They are discrete signals.	2.      They are continuous signals.
3.      It is highly accurate.	3.      It is less accurate.
4.      Digital signals can be stored in storage medium.	4.      Analog signals cannot be stored.
5.      Graphically analog signals are represented by sign wave.	5.      Graphically, digital signals are represented by square wave.
6.      Analog digital converter converts digital signals into analog signal.	6.      Digital analog converter converts analog signals into digital signal.

 

4.      Write the differences between bits and bytes.

Bit	Bytes
1.      Bit is the smallest and fundamental unit of computer data system.	1.      Byte is the basic unit of computer data storage which is the set of 8 bits.
2.      Bit stands for Binary digit.	2.      Byte stands for Binary elementary string.
3.      It is used to measure electrical signals, transmission speed of internet, telephone and streaming services.	3.      It is used to measure size of data like photos, videos, documents, etc.
4.      It is denoted by ‘b’	4.      It is denoted by ‘B’.

 

5.      How can we be a reputed netizen?

We can be a reputed netizens if we are responsible and rational and follow the following internet ethics.

a)      We should value others’ views.

b)      We should be very careful before posting anything on social media.

c)      We should avoid cyber bullying, hate speech and any harassment.

d)     We should avoid fake news and stop sharing them.

e)      We should respect the copyright.

f)       We should avoid sharing personal information of own and others without consent.

6.      You want to make a video for your school annual function program. How would you do it?

It is an exited work to make a video for our school annual function program. We must be careful on the below mentioned steps for making video.

a)      Design an outlinestructure of the video including time allocation for each event, recording area, recording angle, etc.

b)      Shooting and recording video: We can use good quality digital camera for shooting and recording the events. We should record the events with allocated time, from a proper angle incorporating the interview, views, thoughts, performance, etc.

c)      Edit videos: After the completion of the recording video, editing video is an important step which makes the video more interactive, attractive and informative. It involves the following steps.

i) Cut video: We can cut certain part of video which are not very important by using video cutting application on computer. Cutting video makes it short but informative and meaningful. It also make the video into multiple clips.

ii) Merge video: we can merge the multiple clips using video merging software.

iv) Record audio: In certain cases audio recording is necessary. We can record audio using mobile phones, laptops or other audio capturing devices.

v) Dubbing: The original sound of the video may not be good. So, we should replace the sound with music or recorded audio where necessary. It helps to produce good quality video.

vi) Entering text and animation: The names of the guests, events, programs and the banner of school annual function can be animated using various text animation tools available in the video editing software.

d)     Reviewing and publishing: Before publishing the video, ethics and norms of digital literacy are followed. This can be done by providing the edited video to the authorized persons for review and comments. As per comments, the video can be re-edited and published.

7.      1.      Write down the meaning o a netizen. Mention any three responsibilities of a good netizen.

Netizen is taken from the combination of internet and citizen. Thus netizen is a person who is actively involved in online communities or the internet. Responsibilities of a good netizen are mentioned below:

a)      Aware of what is to be posted online: A good netizen should think about the pros and cons before posting anything in social media or websites.

b)      Think of privacy: A good netizen should never discloses the privacy of other in any of the social media platforms.

c)      Never share fake news: To be a good netizen, one should never share fake news as such type of news may bring panic to the public.

d)     Avoid cyberbullying: A good netizen should never be involved in cyberbullying or cybercrime. Instead, he/she should report to the concerned authority to the if such actions are detected.

2.      Explain the process of converting digital data into a digital signal by line coding.

Line coding is the process of transforming a sequence of digital data (a series of 0s and 1s) into a digital signal suitable for transmission over a physical medium like cables or wireless channels. This involves modulating the voltage or current levels of the signal to represent the underlying data bits.

a)      Mapping Data to Signal Levels: Each bit in the digital data (0 or 1) gets mapped to a specific voltage or current level in the transmitted signal. This mapping defines the "code" used for line coding.

b)      Transitions and Timing: The signal transitions between voltage/current levels to represent bit transitions (from 0 to 1 or vice versa). These transitions need to be timed precisely to ensure accurate data reception.

c)      Signal Encoding and Modulation: Additional encoding techniques may be applied to the signal for further processing or modulation onto the chosen transmission medium. 

d)     Decoding at the Receiver: At the receiving end, the digital signal is processed to decode the encoded data back into its original sequence of 0s and 1s. 

9.      What is digital wellbeing? How do the internet and the virtual world affect the physical, social and emotional health of netizens?

Digital wellbeing is the interaction with technology ensuring the healthy relationship with technology. Internet and virtual world has wide range of affects on physical, social and emotional health of netizens.

a)      Physical health: Excessive screen time using game and social media lead to physical inactivity, increasing to the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disorder, strain in eyes, poor posture, neck and back pain, etc. It also disturb sleep patterns and impact overall health.

b)      Social impact: Online space are the breed house for cyberbullying, spreading discrimination causes negative impact on the social well being. Overreliance on the online interaction can lead the netizen to be in isolation from all the social and family activities.

c)      Emotional Health: Excessive use of internet can cause addiction to internet causing negligence of social responsibilities. It brings negative thought through the violent, hateful content and bring anxiety and depression to the netizens. 

10.  “Multimedia classroom is one of the essential part of teaching learning activities.” Give your opinion about this statement.

11.  Define audio visual material. Write down any five characteristics of audio visual materials and explain any two of them.

12.  Describe the method of recording voice in smart phone.

13.  Describe the method of recording video on a smart phone.

14.  Describe the method of recording video on computer.

15.  List advantages and disadvantages of digital technology.

16.  Describe the factors that affect online reputation.

17.  Explain the relationship between netizens, netizenship and netiquette.

18.  One of your relative frequently uses the internet for advertising her  company. But unfortunately, the fame of her company is declining. Now answer the following questions:

a)      In terms of ICT, what name should be given to the relative?

b)      What type of problem is she facing?

Suggest him or her a few steps to uplift her business?