Model Set Questions

Model Set 1

Model Set 2

Model Set 3

Model Set 1

Basic Level Examination-2082

Model Question

Class :- 8                                                                                 F.M .:- 50

Sub :- Science and Technology                                      Time: 2hrs

समूह क Group "A"

बहुकल्पिक प्रशनहरु Multiple Choice Questions.                   10*1=10

1. तलका प्रश्नको ठिक विकल्पमा गोलो चिहन () लगाउनुहोस् । Circle the

correct alternative of the following questions.

a. दिगो विकासको कुन पक्षले शान्ति र न्यायमा जोड दिएको छ ? Which aspect

of sustainable development emphasizes peace and justice?

i) आर्थिक Economics                             ii) सामाजिक Social

iii) वातावरणीय Environmental            iv) सांस्कृतिक Cultural

b. तल दिइएको मध्ये कुन जीवमा बाहिंरी गर्भाधान हुन्छ ? In which of the given organisms does external fertilization occur?

i) गाई Cow      ii) मानिस Human        ili) भ्यागुता Frog           iv) कुकुर Dog

c. दुईओटा बसहरु A र B दुनै सूर्वीतर एके स्थानवाट एकैपटक गुडून सुरू गरे। यदि ती बसहरुको गांत कमना. 20m/s ₹ 15m/s छ भने बस B को सापेक्षमा बस A को गति कति हुन्छ ? Two buses A and B are moving due west from the tion at the same time with velocities of 20m/s and 15m/s respectively. The relative velocity of bus B with respect to A is

i) 5m/s      ii)-5m/s     lii) 35m/s    iv) -35m/s

d. चित्रमा देखाइए अनुसार उत्तोलकलाई सन्तुलित बनाई 800N को लोडलाई उठाउन कति इफोर्ट आवश्यक पर्छ ? How much effort is needed to lift the load of 800N to balance the lever as shown in figure?

i) 266.67 N   ii) 1066.67N  ili) 1200N    iv) 600N

e. वायुमण्डलीय चाप मापन गर्न प्रयोग हुने उपकरणको नाम के हो ? What is the name of the instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure?

i) थर्मोमिटर Thermometer        ii) ब्यारोमिटर Barometer

iii) ल्याक्टोमिटर Lactometer      iv) म्यानोमिटर Manometer

f. शून्य ठाउँमा ताप प्रसारण क्रिया कसरी हुन्छ ? How does the heat transmit in a vacuum ?

i) सञ्चालन Conduction          ii) संवाहन Convection

ili) उत्सेदन Transpiration         iv) विकिरण Radiation

g. दिइएका मध्ये चुम्बकीय गुण हासको कारण कुन होइन? Which of the following is not the cause of demagnetization?

i) चुम्वकमा विद्युत प्रवाह गराउँदा Electricity passed in magnet

ii) विपरित धुबहरु जोड्दा Opposite poles are joined

iii) चुम्बकलाई हिर्काउँदा When magnet is hammered

iv) चुम्बकलाई तताउँदा When magnet is heated

h. घस्रेर हिंडने जीवहरुको समय भनेर कुन युगलाई चिनिन्छ? Which era is known the era of creepers ?

i) मेसोजोइक इरा Mesozoic Era         ii) प्यालोजोइक इरा Paleozoic Era

iii) सेनोजोइक इरा Cenozoic Era              iv) प्रि क्याम्ब्रियन इरा Pre Cambrian Era

i. चित्रमा दिइएको परमाणुको संकेत के हो? What is the symbol of the element given in the figure ?

 

i) Na                                  ii) C

iv Si                                   iv) S

j. अधुनिक पेरियोडिक तलिका कहिले पत्ता लाग्यो? When was the modern periodic table discovered?

i) 1923 A.D.     il) 1913 A.D.    ili) 1903 A.D.   iv) 1930 A.D.

 

समूह ख Group "B

अति छोटो उत्तर अउने प्रश्नहरू Very Short Answer Questions.

 

2. बैज्ञानिक परीक्षण भनेको के हो? What scientific test?

A scientific test is a procedure to investigate and verify whether a particular hypothesis is correct

3. स्वपराग सेचन र क्रस परागसेचनबीच हुने कुनै एक भिन्नता लेख्नुहोस्। Write one difference between self-pollination and cross pollination.

Self-pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma of flowers of the same plant, whereas cross-pollination is transferring pollen grains to the stigma of flowers of different plants of the same species.

4. दुइदलीय बिउ भनेको के हो ? What is dicotyledonous seed?

A seed that contains two cotyledons is called dicotyledonous (dicot) seed.

5. पूर्ण यन्त्र भनेको के हो ? What is meant by ideal machine?

An ideal or perfect machine is an imaginary machine that has 100% efficiency, means there is no friction and it has output work and input work equal.

6. तरलपदार्थमा अणुहरुको उच्च तापक्रम क्षेत्रबाट तल्लो तापकम क्षेत्र जाने

कार्यलाई के भनिन्छ ? What is the movement of molecules in fluids

from higher temperature regions to lower temperature regions

called?

The movement of molecules in fluid from higher temperature region to the lower temperature region is called convection.

7. HNO₃ लाई कडा अम्ल भनिन्छ, किन? HNO₃ is strong acid, why?

HNO₃ (Nitric acid) is strong acid because it produces a large amount of hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water.

 

8. सिताले एउटा प्रतियोगितामा कास्य पदक प्राप्त गरिन्। उनले प्राप्त गरेको पदक कुन कुन धातुबाट बनेको होला ? Sita won a bronze in a

competition which metals are mixed to make the medal she

received?

Sita won a bronze medal in a competition. The metals copper and tin are mixed to make the medal she received.

9. पानीमा हाइड्रोजन र अक्सिजनको अनुपात कति हुन्छ? What is the

proportion of hydrogen and oxygen in water?

The proportion of hydrogen and oxygen in water is 1:8 by weight.

 

समूह ग Group C

छोटो उत्तर बाडने प्रश्नहरू Short Answer Questions.

10. प्रयोगशालामा प्रयोगात्मक कार्य गर्दा हाइड्रोक्लोरिक अम्ल एकजना विद्यार्थीको हातमा परेर जल्यो। यस्तो दुर्घटना हुन नदिनका लागि अपवातनु पर्ने कुने वुई सावधानीहरु लेख्नुहोस् । A student hand was burnt with hydrochloric acid while doing practical work in laboratory. Mention any two safety ensures to avoid such accident.

Two safety measures to avoid accidents in laboratory are given below:

a) Masks, gloves, and goggles must be worn when handling harmful chemicals like acids.

b) An apron or lab coat must always be worn while working in the laboratory to protect clothing and skin.

 

11. सामाजिक सञ्जालका दुई फाइवाहरु उल्लेख गर्नुहोसू । Mention two

 benefits social media.

Two benefits of social media are:

a) It serves as a means of information and communication across the world.

b) In business, it allows for customer interaction, where feedbacks of the customers can be collected to improve the business.

 

12. दिइएको चित्र अध्ययन गरी निम्न प्रश्नहरको उत्तर दिनुहोस् ।

Study the given figure and answer the following questions.

i) दिइएको चित्रको पहिचान गर्नुहोस्र । Identify the given figure.

The Given figure is the figure of bacteriophage virus.

ii) के यसमा कोषा हुन्छ ? Does it have cell?

No, it does not have a cell.

13. दिइएको चित्रमा जनावर कोष देखाइएको छ । Animal cell is shown in the given figure.  

i) A को मुख्य कार्य के हो ? What is the main function of A?

The main function of A (plasma-membrane) is to check the entrance of chemicals passing in and out of cell.

ii) . A,B,र C मध्ये प्रजननमा कसको भूमिका हुन्छ ? नाम सहित लेख्नुहोस् । Among A, B and C, which has role in reproduction? Write with name.

Among A, B and C, B has role in reproduction. Its name is nucleus.

14. नेपालका कुने बुईओटा राष्ट्रिय निकुज्जको नाम सेखमुहोस्। Name any two national parks of Nepal.

Two National parks of Nepal are: Chitwan National park and Khaptad national park.

15. रिजेनरेसन भनेको के हो?  यसवाट प्रजनन गर्ने कुनें दुई जनावरको नाम लेख्नुहोस्र । What is regeneration? Name any two animals which

reproduce by this process.

Regeneration is the process of asexual reproduction where a cut or separated piece of an organism's body grows and develops into a completely new body. Two examples of animals that reproduce using this method are Hydra and Planaria.

 

16. खनिजलाई शुद्ध रासायनिक पदार्थ मनिन्छ किन? Minerals are said to be pure chemicals, why?

Minerals are said to be pure chemicals because they are homogeneous solids that possess a definite chemical composition. They are naturally occurring substances found in the earth's crust.

 

17. रियाले जहिले पनि ट्युबबेलको पानीमा सुगा धुन्छिन। उनका सेता लुगा जति सबै चम्किला नभई धमिला खन। यसको कारण के होला ? यस्ती समस्या समाधान गर्न उनलाई के सुकाव दिनुहुन्छ ? Riya always washes her cloths in tubewell water. White clothes become dull instead of shiny. What is the reason for this dullness of white clothes? What do you suggest to solve problem?

Tubewell water hard water. It contains dissolved salts such as calcium and magnesium bicarbonates, sulphates, or chlorides. When soap is used with hard water, it produces less lather, and scum accumulates on the clothes, causing them to become dull over time.

To overcome this problem, Riya should use the following methods to soften the water:

i) Boiling  ii) using washing soda iii) permutit method

 

 

समूह घ Group D

लामो उत्तर अउने प्रश्नहरू Long Answer Questions. 4*4=16

 

युट्रयुब, ह्वाट्स्एप, फेसबुक र ट्विटरको २/२ ओटा उपयोगिता लेख्नुहोस् । Write any 2/2 application of Youtube, whatsapp, facebook and

twitter.

YouTube

i)         It is used to access educational resources on various subjects.

ii)       It serves as a online communication for sharing video content with a global audience.

WhatsApp (Messenger/Communication)

i)         It helps to spread information and facilitates communication between people worldwide.

ii)       It allows businesses to receive feedback from customers, helping them identify and improve their weaknesses.

Facebook

i)         Businessmen use it to advertise their products and services to achieve professional success.

ii)       It provides a platform for users to share information and emotions.

Twitter

i)         It is a powerful tool for information sharing and setting social agendas.

ii)       Integrated AI tools in it is used to the latest trends and hashtags for different users.

19. a) प्रेसर कुकर धातुवाट र ह्यान्डल प्लास्टिकबाट बनाइनुको कारण व्याख्या गर्नुहोस् । Explain the cause that the pressure cooker. is made of metal and the handle is made of plastic.

The pressure cooker is made of metal. Metals are good conductors of heat, they have high efficiency to transfer heat from the heat source to the food.

The handle of pressure cooker is made of plastic because plastic is a poor conductor (insulator) of heat,  and it protects the person's hands while they are handling the cooker.

b) प्रेसर कुकरमा खाना पकाउँदा कुन विधिबाट तापको प्रसारण हुन्छ ? उक्त

विधिको कुनै एक प्रयोग लेख्नुहोस । When food is prepared in the pressure cooker, though which method is heat transmitted? Write a use of that method in daily life.

When food is prepared in a pressure cooker, heat is transmitted through the method of convection in the food.

A common daily life application of this method is boiling water or other liquids.

20. a) चुम्बकत्वलाई परिभाषित गर्नुहोस्। Deline magnetism.

Magnetism is the property of a magnet that allows it to attract magnetic materials (like iron, cobalt, and nickel), attract opposite poles, and repel similar poles.

b) चुम्बकीय शक्ति संरक्षण गर्ने कुने हुई उपाय लेगमुहोस। Witte any two

ways to preserve magnet.

Two ways to preserve a magnet are:

1.      Always keep the bar magnet in its keeper when it is not in use.

2.      Do not heat the magnet and avoid hammering or dropping it on a hard floor.

c) A magnetic substance does not magnetic property, Why?

A magnetic substance does not show magnetic property because the molecular magnets in it are in closed chain form due to which the net magnetic property is zero.

a) दिइएको तालिकायाट निष्किय ग्यासको नाम लेखुहोस् I Name the inert

gas from the above table.

Element	Electronic configuration
A	2, 8, 8, 2
B	2,6
C	2,8

a) Name the inert gas from the above table.

The element C is inert gas.

b) माधिका मध्ये कुन धातु हो ? किन ? Which one of them is metal?

Why?

Element A is metal. This is because it has two electrons in its valence shell which can be lost easily to form electropositive charge.  

c) A र B साई प्रतिक्रिया गराउंदा के बन्छ सन्तुलित रासायनिक

समीकरणसहित लेब्ुहोस् What is formed when A and B reacted

with each other Write with balanced chemical equation.

A is calcium (Ca) and B is Oxygen(O). The balanced chemical equation between A and B is given below.

2Ca + O₂ à 2CaO

 

Model Set 2

 

Basic Level Examination-2082

Model Question

विषय : विज्ञान तथा प्रविधि (Science and Teehnology)

पूर्णाङ्क: ५० (Full Marks: 50)

 

सबै प्रश्नहरू अनिवार्य छन्। (All questions are compulsory.)

समूह क (Group A)

बहुवैकल्पिक प्रश्नहरू (Multiple Choice Questions)

1) सामान्यत: अनुसन्धान कार्यको अन्तिम चरण कुन हो ? Which is the last step of research work?

A) निष्कर्ष (Conclusion)

B) तथ्याङ्क संकलन (Data collection)

C) परिकल्पना निर्माण (Setting hypothesis)

D) उद्देश्य निर्माण (Formulation of objective)

2) वनस्पति कोषमा पाइने तर जनावर कोषमा नपाइने अवयव कुन हो ?

Which component is found in plant cell but not in animal cell?

 

3) संकटापन्न जनावरको संरक्षणका लागि उपयुक्त ex-situ विधि कुन हो?

Which ex-situ method is appropriate to conserve an endangered animal'

A) राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज (National Park)

B) वन्यजन्तु संरक्षण क्षेत्र (Wildlife Conservation Area)

C) चिडियाखाना (Zoo)

D) शिकार क्षेत्र (Hunting Area)

4) कपासको बिउ कुन प्रक्रिया द्वारा प्रसारण हुन्छ? By which method is the cotton seed dispersed?

A) हावाद्वारा (By air)                                B)  (By birds)

C) किराद्वारा (By insects)                    D) पानीद्वारा (By water)

5) दिइएको प्रयोगको मुख्य निष्कर्ष के हो ? What is the main conclusion of the given experiment?

A) तरल चाप घनत्वमा भर पर्छ । (liquid pressure depends on density)

B) तरल चाप गुरुत्वत्वमा भर पर्छ ( liquid pressure depends on gravity)

C) तरल चाप गहिराइमा भर पर्छ (Liquid pressure depends on depth)

D) तरल चाप भाँडाको आकारमा भर पर्छ (Depends on shape of vessel)

6) धेरै चिसो वातावरणमा बिरुवा हुर्काउन कुन विधि उपयुक्त हुन्छ? Which method should be applied to grow saplings in a very cold

environment?

A) काठको घर (Wooden house)

B) प्लास्टिकको घर (Plastic house)

C) परालको घर (Straw house)

D) माटोको घर (Mud house)

7) बढी विद्युत् प्रवाह हुँदा आपूर्ति आफै काटने उपकरण कुन हो?

Which device cuts off electricity supply automatically when high current flows?

A) वितरण बोर्ड (Distribution board)

B) एम.सि.बी. (MCB)

C) प्लग (Plug)

D) स्विच (Switch)

8) आकाशगंगाको विशेषता कुन हो ? Which is the feature of a galaxy?

A) दीर्घवृत्ताकार, सर्पिल, अनियमित (Elliptical, spiral, irregular)

B) विभिन्न जनावरको आकार (Shape of animals)

C) आपनै प्रकाश हुँदैन (Does not have its own light)

D) पुच्छर भएको तारा (Star with tail)

9) म्याम्नेसियम क्लोराइडको अणुसूत्र कुन हो? Which is the molecular formula of magnesium chloride?

A) MgCl      B) Mg2Cl₃    C) MgCl₂     D)Mg₂Cl

10) परमाणु आकार बढ्दो क्रममा सही क्रम कुन हो?

Which is the correct increasing order of atomic size?

A) O, F, N                B) F, O, N

C) O, N, F                D) N, O,F

 

अति संक्षिप्त उत्तर प्रश्नहरू (Very Short Answer Questions)

11) सामाजिक सञ्जाल सुरक्षित प्रयोगका लागि एक उपाय लेख्नुहोस्।

Write one appropriate measure for the safe use of social networks.

आफ्नो पासवर्ड गोप्य राख्ने र बलियो पासवर्ड प्रयोग गर्ने।

Use a strong password and keep it confidential.

12) अध्ययन सजिलो बनाउन कृत्रिम बौद्धिकताको प्रयोग कसरी गर्न सकिन्छ ?

How can artificial intelligence be used to make your study easier?

कृत्रिम बौद्धिकताबाट कठिन विषयको सरल व्याख्या लिन, अभ्यास प्रश्न तयार गर्न र छिटो जानकारी खोज्न सकिन्छ।

AI can be used to explain difficult topics in simple language, generate practice questions, and quickly find information.

 

13) ब्याक्टेरियालाई मात्र असर गर्ने भाइरसलाई के भनिन्छ ?

What is the virus called that affects bacteria only?

ब्याक्टेरियालाई मात्र असर गर्ने भाइरसलाई ब्याक्टेरियोफेज (Bacteriophage) भनिन्छ।

A virus that infects bacteria is called a bacteriophage

14) इँटाबाट बनेको पर्खालको आधारमा मानव शरीर र कोषबीच तुलना गरी निष्कर्ष लेख्नुहोस्। On the basis of a brick wall, compare human body and

cell and write the conclusion.

इँटाबाट पर्खाल बन्छ भने कोषबाट मानव शरीर बन्छ।

जसरी पर्खालको सानो एकाइ इँटा हो, त्यसैगरी शरीरको सानो एकाइ कोष हो। कोष शरीरको आधारभूत संरचनात्मक र कार्यात्मक एकाइ हो।

Just as a wall is made of bricks, the human body is made of cells.

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of the body.

15) बजारको अचार लामो समय टिक्ने तर घरको अचार छिटो बिग्रने मुख्य कारण के हो? Why does market pickle last longer than homemade pickle?

बजारको अचारमा बढी नुन, तेल वा संरक्षक पदार्थ (preservatives) प्रयोग गरिन्छ, त्यसैले लामो समय टिक्छ।

Market pickle contains more salt, oil, and preservatives, which prevent spoilage.

16) गोलाकार ऐनामा केन्द्रिकरण बिन्दु के हो ?

What is the principal focus of a spherical mirror?

गोलाकार ऐनामा परावर्तित किरणहरू एकै बिन्दुमा जम्मा हुने बिन्दुलाई केन्द्रिकरण बिन्दु (Principal Focus) भनिन्छ।

It is the point where parallel rays of light meet or appear to meet after reflection.

17) तामा र टिनको मिश्रधातु कुन हो ?

Which alloy is made of copper and tin?

Bronze is made of copper and tin.

 

समूह ग (Group C)

संक्षिप्त उत्तर आउने प्रश्नहरू (Short Answer Questions) 8x2=16

18) तालिकामा दुईवटा भाँडामा राखिएको पानीको तापक्रम फरक-फरक समयमा देखाइएको छ। भाँडो B मा तापक्रम कम परिवर्तन हुनुको कारण लेख्नुहोस्।

The temperature of water in two containers at different times is shown in the table. Why does the temperature of container B changes less than container A?

Container	Temperature
	11:00 pm	1:00 pm	3:00 pm	5:00 pm
Copper container	300C	260C	190C	160C
Earthen container	260C	25.50C	250C	240C

भाँडो B माटोको भाँडो हो। माटो ऊष्माको खराब सञ्चालक (poor conductor of heat) भएकाले यसले तातो वा चिसो छिटो सर्छैन। त्यसैले बाहिरी तापक्रमको प्रभाव पानीमा कम पर्छ र तापक्रममा परिवर्तन कम देखिन्छ।

तर तामाको भाँडो राम्रो ऊष्मा सञ्चालक (good conductor of heat) भएकाले बाहिरी तापक्रम छिटो सर्छ र तापक्रम धेरै परिवर्तन हुन्छ।

Container B (earthen container) shows less temperature change because earthen material is a poor conductor of heat. It does not allow heat to pass quickly, so the temperature of water changes slowly compared to the copper container.

 

19) प्रयोगशालामा हाइड्रोक्लोरिक अम्ल प्रयोग गर्दा विद्यार्थीको हात जलेको थियो। यस्तो दुर्घटना हुन नदिन अपनाउनु पर्ने कुनै दुई सुरक्षा उपाय लेख्नुहोस्। A student's hand was burnt by hydrochloric acid during practical work. Mention any two safety measures to avoid such accidents.

हाइड्रोक्लोरिक अम्ल प्रयोग गर्दा अपनाउनु पर्ने दुई सुरक्षा उपाय:

• सुरक्षा पञ्जा (gloves) र आँखा सुरक्षा चस्मा लगाउने।
• अम्ललाई सावधानीपूर्वक प्रयोग गर्ने र छालामा परे तुरुन्त धेरै पानीले धुने।

Any two safety measures:

• Wear gloves and safety goggles.
• Handle acid carefully and wash immediately with plenty of water if it touches the skin.

20) तपाईको समुदायमा सडक निर्माण हुँदैछ भने दीगो विकासका दृष्टिले ठेकेदारलाई दिनुपर्ने कुनै दुई सुझाव लेख्नुहोस्। If a road is being constructed in your community, give two suggestions to the contractor regarding sustainable development.

सडक निर्माणमा दीगो विकासका लागि दुई सुझाव:

• वातावरणीय प्रभाव कम गर्न उचित नाली र वर्षा पानी निकास व्यवस्था गर्ने।
• स्थानीय सामग्री र श्रमिक प्रयोग गरी वातावरण र अर्थतन्त्र दुवैलाई सहयोग गर्ने।

Two suggestions for sustainable development:

• Provide proper drainage system to prevent soil erosion and waterlogging.
• Use local materials and labor to promote sustainability and the local economy.

 

21) १५ हर्ज आवृत्ति र २२ मिटर तरंगदैर्ध्य भएको ध्वनिको वेग कति हुन्छ? What is the speed of sound having frequency 15 Hz and wavelength 22 m?

) ध्वनिको वेग निकाल्नुहोस्:

दिइएको:

आवृत्ति (f) = 15 Hz

तरंगदैर्ध्य (λ) = 22 m

सूत्र:

वेग (v) = f × λ

v = 15 × 22

v = 330 m/s

Answer: ध्वनिको वेग = 330 m/s

Speed of sound calculation:

Given:

Frequency (f) = 15 Hz

Wavelength (λ) = 22 m

Formula:

v = f × λ

v = 15 × 22

v = 330 m/s

Answer: The speed of sound is 330 m/s.

 

22) अवतल ऐना र उत्तल ऐनाबीच प्रतिबिम्बका आधारमा कुनै दुई फरक लेख्नुहोस्। Write any two differences between concave mirror and convex mirror based on image formed. 23) चुम्बकीय शक्ति हराउँदा अणुगत चुम्बकको अवस्था चित्रद्वारा देखाउनुहोस्। Draw a figure to show the condition of molecular magnets during demagnetization. 24) जीवनको विकासका लागि अनुपयुक्त युग कुन हो ? कारण लेख्नुहोस्। Which era was inappropriate for the evolution of life and why?

 

22)  अवतल ऐना र उत्तल ऐनाबीच प्रतिबिम्बका आधारमा कुनै दुई फरक लेख्नुहोस्। Write any two differences between concave mirror and convex mirror based on image formed.

अवतल ऐना र उत्तल ऐनाबीच दुई फरक (प्रतिबिम्बका आधारमा):

1. अवतल ऐना (Concave mirror):
• वास्तविक वा काल्पनिक दुवै प्रतिबिम्ब बनाउन सक्छ।
• प्रतिबिम्ब ठूलो वा सानो दुवै हुन सक्छ।
1. उत्तल ऐना (Convex mirror):
• सधैं काल्पनिक र सानो प्रतिबिम्ब बनाउँछ।
• प्रतिबिम्ब सधैं सीधा (upright) हुन्छ।

Two differences between concave and convex mirrors (based on image formed):

Concave mirror:

• Can form real or virtual images.
• The image can be magnified or diminished.

Convex mirror:

• Always forms a virtual and diminished image.
• The image is always upright.

 

 

23) 23) चुम्बकीय शक्ति हराउँदा अणुगत चुम्बकको अवस्था चित्रद्वारा देखाउनुहोस्। Draw a figure to show the condition of molecular magnets during demagnetization.

चुम्बक भएको अवस्थामा:

→ → → → →

(सबै अणुगत चुम्बक एउटै दिशामा मिलेको)

चुम्बकीय शक्ति हराउँदा:

↗ ↓ ↘ ← ↑

(अणुगत चुम्बकहरू विभिन्न दिशामा अव्यवस्थित हुन्छन्)

Condition of molecular magnets during demagnetization:

When magnetized:

→ → → → →

(All molecular magnets aligned in one direction)

During demagnetization:

↗ ↓ ↘ ← ↑

(Molecular magnets arranged randomly in different directions)

 

24) जीवनको विकासका लागि अनुपयुक्त युग कुन हो ? कारण लेख्नुहोस्। Which era was inappropriate for the evolution of life and why?

जीवनको विकासका लागि अनुपयुक्त युग:

एजोइक युग (Azoic Era) जीवनको विकासका लागि अनुपयुक्त थियो।

कारण:

त्यो समयमा अत्यधिक तापक्रम, ज्वालामुखी गतिविधि र अक्सिजनको अभाव थियो, जसका कारण जीवन सम्भव थिएन।

24) Era unsuitable for the evolution of life:

The Azoic Era was unsuitable for the evolution of life.

Reason:

There was extremely high temperature, intense volcanic activity, and absence of oxygen, making life impossible.

25) संयुजता तह भनेको के हो ? यसमा रहेको इलेक्ट्रोनलाई के भनिन्छ ?

What is valence shell? What is the electron present in it called?

परमाणुको सबैभन्दा बाहिरी तहलाई संयुजता तह (Valence shell) भनिन्छ। यस तहमा रहेका इलेक्ट्रोनलाई संयुजता इलेक्ट्रोन (Valence electrons) भनिन्छ।

The outermost shell of an atom is called the valence shell. The electrons present in it are called valence electrons.

 

समूह घ (Group D)

लामो उत्तर आउने प्रश्नहरू (Long Answer Questions) 4x 4=16

26) १३ प्रोटोन र १४ न्यूट्रोन भएको तत्वको परमाणु संरचना बनाउनुहोस् र

आधुनिक आवर्त सारणीमा यसको समूह लेख्नुहोस्। Draw the atomic structure of the element having 13 protons and 14 neutrons and mention its group in the modern periodic table.

13 प्रोटोन र 14 न्यूट्रोन भएको तत्व

प्रोटोन संख्या = 13

त्यसैले परमाणु क्रमांक = 13

यो तत्व Aluminium (Al) हो।

परमाणु संरचना (Bohr model अनुसार):

K = 2

L = 8

M = 3

न्यूट्रोन = 14

आधुनिक आवर्त सारणीमा समूह:

यो Group 13 (III A) मा पर्छ।

Atomic number = 13 (Aluminium)

Electronic configuration = 2, 8, 3

It belongs to Group 13 in the modern periodic table.

27) विज्ञान तथा प्रविधि विषयको पाठ्यपुस्तकको soft copy प्राप्त गर्न प्रयोग हुने स्रोत कुन हो ? तिनलाई जनाउने एउटै शब्द लेख्नुहोस्। यी स्रोत प्रयोग गर्दा अपनाउनु पर्ने कुनै दुई सुरक्षा उपाय लेख्नुहोस्। Which source is used to get soft copy of your Science and Technology textbook? Write one single word representing these sources and write any two safety measures.

विज्ञान तथा प्रविधि विषयको पाठ्यपुस्तकको soft copy प्राप्त गर्ने स्रोत इन्टरनेट हो।

यी स्रोतलाई जनाउने एउटै शब्द: अनलाइन स्रोत (Online source)

दुई सुरक्षा उपाय:

• विश्वसनीय वेबसाइटबाट मात्र सामग्री डाउनलोड गर्ने।
• बलियो पासवर्ड प्रयोग गर्ने र व्यक्तिगत जानकारी गोप्य राख्ने।

The source used to get softcopy of our science and technology is the Internet.

One single word representing these sources is Online source

Two safety measures while getting softcopy through online are:

• Download only from trusted websites.
• Use strong passwords and protect personal information.

 

 

28) स-साना गुलिया सुन्तला फल्ने एक वर्ष पुरानो बिरुवा र ठूला गुलिया सुन्तला फल्ने अर्को बिरुवाको प्रयोग गरी ठूलो र गुलियो सुन्तला उत्पादन गर्न कुन प्रजनन विधि उपयुक्त हुन्छ? यस विधिका तीन चरण वर्णन गर्नुहोस्। Which reproduction method is suitable for producing large and sweet oranges? Describe three steps of this method.

ठूलो र गुलियो सुन्तला उत्पादन गर्ने विधि उपयुक्त प्रजनन विधि: कलमी (Grafting) हो ।

तीन चरण:

1. राम्रो गुण भएको बिरुवाबाट चयन (Scion) काट्ने।
2. अर्को स्वस्थ बिरुवाको मूल भाग (Stock) मा चिरा लगाउने।
3. सायनलाई स्टकमा राखी बाँध्ने र सुरक्षित गर्ने।

यसरी दुवैका राम्रो गुण भएका सुन्तला उत्पादन हुन्छन्।

Suitable method for producing large and sweet oranges is: Grafting

Its three steps are:

1. Cut a scion from a plant with desirable traits.
2. Make a cut in the stock plant.
3. Join the scion to the stock and tie it properly.

29) दिइएको उत्तोलकको चित्र हेरी प्रश्नहरूको उत्तर दिनुहोस्:

A) यो कुन दर्जाको उत्तोलक हो?

Which class lever is this?

यो देस्रो दर्जाको उत्तोलक हो । It is second Class lever.

B) यसको एउटा वास्तविक उदाहरण लेख्नुहोस्।

Write one real example.

यसको एउटा वास्तविक उदाहरण सुपारी काट्ने सरोता हो ।

Its real example is nut cracker.

C) प्रयास र भारको स्थान परिवर्तन गर्दा कुन दर्जाको उत्तोलक बन्छ? एउटा

उदाहरण लेख्नुहोस्। What happens when effort and load positions are interchanged?

प्रयास र भारको स्थान परिवर्तन गर्दा तेस्रो दर्जाको उत्तोलक (Third class lever) बन्छ। उदाहरण: मानव हात (Human forearm)

When effort and load positions are interchanged, it becomes a Third class lever. Example: Human forearm.

30) सूचक पदार्थ प्रयोग गर्दा प्राप्त नतिजाका आधारमा Result bases after using indicators.

परीक्षण नमुना Sample	मिथाइल अरेन्ज Methyl Orange	लिटमस पेपर Litmus Paper	फेनोल्प्थालिन Phenolphthalein
नमुना A (Sample A)	X	रातो (Red)	रडहीन (Colourless)
नमुना B (Sample B)	पहेलो Yellow	Y	गुलाफी (Pink)

 

A) X र Y ले कुन रङ जनाउँछन्? Which colour do X and Y represent?

X represents red colour and Y represents blue colour.

B) नमुना A र B मध्ये कुन अम्लीय हो? Which sample is acidic?

Sample A is acidic.

C) क्याल्सियम कार्बोनेटसँग प्रतिक्रिया गर्दा कुन नमुनाबाट CO2 ग्यास निस्कन्छ? Which sample produces CO2 when reacted with calcium

carbonate?

Sample A produces CO₂ when reacted with calcium carbonate.

Grade: 8                                                                                                   Time: 2hr

Basic Level Examination-2082

Model Question

Subject: Science                                                                                  

Group 'A'

1) Write the correct answer to the following in the answer sheet.

Multiple choice questions: बहुबैकल्पिक प्रश्नहरु

A. Which of the given alternatives is related to floral diversity?

(दिईएकामध्ये कुन विकल्प वनस्पतिय विविधतासँग सम्बन्धित छ?

a) Animals                                                    b) plants

c) Animals and plants                 d) Only mammals

B. Where does fertilization take place in flowering plants? (फूलफूल्ने बिरुवामा प्रजननकुन भागबाट हुन्छ?

a) Stigma                         b) ovary             c) ovule              d) style

C. What is the value of atmospheric pressure at sea level? समुन्द्रि सतहमा बायुमण्डलीय चापको मानकति हुन्छ?

a) 750 mm of Hg                                         b) 760 mm of Hg

c) 765 mmof Hg                                          d) 755 mm of Hg

D. If a load of 500N is balanced by applying effort of 100N from the

distance of 25cm. What is the load distance? (५०० न्यूटनको लोडलाई २५ सेमीको दुरीबाट १०० न्यूटन ईफोर्टले सन्तुलनगर्न लोड कति दूरीमा राख्नु पर्ला ?)

a) 10cm             b) 5cm               c) 20cm             d) 15cm

E. What is the SI unit of acceleration? (प्रवेगको एस.आई. एकाई कुन हो ?)

a) m²                   b) m/s                 c) m/s²               d) Nm²/kg²

F. What is the process of transmission of heat due to the actual

movement of molecules? (अणुको बास्तबिक चालद्वारा हुने तापको प्रसारलाई के भनिन्छ ?)

a) conduction              b) convection

c) Radiation                d) temperature

G. What is the value of angle of dip of geomagnetic equator?

(पृथ्वीको भुचुम्बकिय भुमध्यरेखीय क्षेत्रमा अबपातकोणको मान कति

हुन्छ?)

a) 0°          b) 45°        c) 90°        d) 17°

H. What charge contain in the nucleus of the atom?

(परमाणुको न्युक्लियसमा कुन चार्ज हुन्छ?)

a) Positive                       b) Negative

c) Chargeless                  d) none of above

I. Which gas is produced when metal react with acid :

(अम्लले धातुसँगप्रतिक्रकियागर्दा कुनग्यास उत्पादन हुन्छ?)

a) Oxygen                                       b) carbon dioxide

c) Hydrogen                                  d) Nitrogen

J. तलका मध्ये कुन परमाणविक अकारको बढ्दो क्रममा राखिएको छ ? Which is the correct increasing order of atomic size?

A) O, F, N                  B) F, O, N

C) O, N, F                  D) N, O, F

 

 

 

 

 

Group 'B'

Very short answer questions: (घेरै छोटो उत्तर आउने प्रश्नहरु) 8X1=8

2. Write the condition for the survey. कुन अवस्थामा सर्वे गरिन्छ,लेख्नुहोस्।

A survey is conducted when there is a need to collect data related to a topic or problem directly from a specific group of people to derive a conclusion.

3. What is layering in vegetative propagation? (भजिटेटिभ प्रोपागेसनमा लेयरिड के हो?

Layering is a method of artificial vegetative propagation where a soft branch from the lower part of a plant is bent down and covered with soil. The soil is kept moist until a new root system grows from the buried part, after which it is separated from the parent plant to grow independently.

 

4. Define gametogenesis. (ग्यामेटोजिनेसिस लाई परिभाषित गर्नुहोस् ।)

Gametogenesis is the biological process of producing reproductive cells (gametes), such as sperm in the testes and ova in the ovaries.

5. What is the principle of lever? (उत्तोलकको सिद्धान्त लेख्नुहोस् ।)

The principle of lever states that when a lever is in a balanced or equilibrium condition, the Effort × Effort Distance is equal to the Load × Load Distance

6. Define relative velocity. (सापेक्षित गतिलाई परिभाषित गर्नुहोस् ।

Relative velocity is the velocity of a body with respect to a specific reference point or another body.

7. What is wavelength? (तरङ्गको लम्बाइ भनेको के हो?

Wavelength is the distance traveled by a wave in one complete vibration.

 

8. What is the importance of earthing? (अर्थिङ्गको महत्व लेख्नुहोस् ।)

Earthing is important because it protects electrical equipment from leakage currents by discharging them directly to the ground, which helps prevent electrical fires. It also allows for the easy identification of damaged wires in a household circuit.

9. Write any two uses of metalloids. (अर्धधातुको कुनै दुई प्रयोग उल्लेख

गर्नुहोस्।

3. What is layering in vegetative propagation?

metalloids are found within non-metallic minerals like silica, which is used in industrial sectors to manufacture glass and ceramics

 

Group 'C'

Short answer questions: (छोटो उत्तर आउने प्रश्नहरु) 8X2=16

10. Write any two precautions should be taken in laboratory while doing scientific experiment. परिक्षणको कममा प्रयोगशालामा ध्यान दिनुपर्ने दुईवटा बुँदाहरु लेख्नुहोस् ।)

any two precautions should be taken in laboratory while doing scientific experiment.

a) Masks, gloves, and goggles should be worn whenever handling harmful chemicals.

b) Materials and equipment should never be handled haphazardly, and special care must be taken when using burners or touching hot objects.

 

11. Mention any two effects of overuse of social media on individual ? (सामाजिक सञ्जालको अधिकप्रयोगले व्यक्तिमा पार्न सक्ने कुनै दुईवटा

असरहरु उल्लेख गर्नुहोस् ।)

Any two effects of overuse of social media on individual?

• Excessive use puts individuals at risk for mental illnesses, such as depression and insomnia.
• The blue light from screens inhibits the production of melatonin, which disrupts the body's internal clock and can lead to various sleep-related health issues.

 

12. Cell is consider as the building block of life, why? (कोषलाई शरिर निर्माणको आधार मानिन्छ, किन?)

A cell is considered the building block of life because the body of every organism is composed of one or many cells, making it the fundamental structural unit. Furthermore, all essential life processes such as digestion, respiration, and reproduction—are accomplished through biochemical reactions that occur inside these cells, making them the functional unit of life as well.

 

13. Write any two features of five kingdom system.

(पाँचवर्गीकरण प्रणालीका कुनै दुईवटा विषेशताहरु उल्लेख गर्नुहोस्।)

Any two features of five kingdom system.

• It keeps unicellular and multicellular organisms in separate kingdoms and also differentiates between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
• Organisms are arranged in a sequential form from the least developed to the most developed, which reflects the trend of organic evolution.

 

14. Write any two differences between social and environmental

aspects of sustainable development. (दिगो विकासका सामाजिक र वातावरणीय पक्षहरुबिच दुईवटा भिन्नता लेख्नुहोस्।)

Any two differences between social and environmental aspects of sustainable development.

Social aspect of sustainable development	Environmental aspect of sustainable development
The social aspect focuses on the impartial progress of the whole community through poverty elimination, social justice, and women's empowerment.	The environmental aspect focuses on maintaining a productive and reliable surrounding environment by conserving land, water, air, and minerals.
The social aspect aims for a stable and prosperous society where cultural identities are preserved and people participate in development.	The environmental aspect aims to ensure a continued supply of environmental services and the protection of natural habitats for plants and animals.

 

15. Explain what stock and scion are important in grafting. (ग्राफ्टिडमा स्टोक र सियोनको महत्व व्याख्या गर्नुहोस् ।)

In grafting, the stock is the part of a year-old fruit plant that remains rooted in the ground, providing the root system for the new plant. The scion is a selected twig from a plant known for its high-quality fruit and productivity, which is joined to the stock. These two are important because their combination allows a farmer to produce a new plant that yields high-quality fruit much sooner than one grown from a seed while retaining all the desirable qualities of the mother plant.

 

16. Explain the molecular theory of magnetism. (चुम्बकको आणबिक सिद्धान्त व्याख्या गर्नुहोस् ।)

The molecular theory states that magnets and magnetic substances are composed of tiny magnetic molecules, each possessing a North and South pole. In a magnetized state, these molecular magnets are lined up in open chains with their poles aligned in a certain pattern. In an unmagnetized substance, these molecules are arranged in closed chains or random directions, which neutralizes their magnetic effect.

17. Mention the concept of Jeans and Jeffery's hypothesis about

the origin of our solar system. (जिन्स र ज्याफरीको पृथ्वीको उत्पत्ति सम्बन्धि अवधारणा उल्लेख गर्नुहोस् ।)

Jeans Jeffery's hypothesis states that a very big star once passed swiftly near our sun. The strong gravitational pull of this passing star pulled a big lump of hot matter from the sun's surface in the form of a tide. This separated mass, which looked like a cigar, eventually cooled down and formed the planets, with larger planets like Jupiter and Saturn forming in the middle and smaller ones at the ends

 

 

Group 'D'

Long answer questions: (लामो उत्तर आउने प्रश्नहरु) 4X4=16

18. Give an example of each of search engine, blogging and cloud

computing services and present your argument about the

statement that "use of artificial intelligence in search engines

has made it easier for searching work" in two points. (सर्च इन्जिन, ब्लगिड तथा क्लाउड कम्प्युटिडको उदाहरण लेख्नुहोस्। कृत्रिम बौद्धिकतालाई खोजीको माध्यमको रुपमाप्रयोगले खोजीलाई सहज बनाउछ भन्ने भनाईमा आफ्नातर्कहरु दुई वाक्यमा उल्लेख गर्नुहोस्।)

Examples of Search Engine, blogging and cloud computing services are:  Google WordPress Datahub respectively.

• Use of artificial intelligence in search engines has made it easier for searching work. This statement can be explained by the following points.

1. AI recognizes a user's search history and records to provide personalized hints, making the search process faster and more precise.

2. It uses chatbots and predictive analysis to display search results that are highly relevant to a user's specific needs, which would otherwise be limited by traditional search methods.

 

19. Define lateral inversion. Complete the ray diagram and write

the nature of image.

(लेटरल इन्भर्जनलाई परिभाषित गर्नुहोस् । दिइएको रेखाचित्रलाई पूरागरी

प्रतिविम्वको  

प्रकृति समेत उल्लेख  गर्नुहोस्।)

Lateral inversion is the phenomenon where the left side of an object appears as the right side and the right side appears as the left side in an image formed by a mirror.

The complete ray diagram is\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

Nature of the image formed: real, inverted and magnified.

20. Answer the following questions on the basis of given table:

(दिइएको तालिकाको अध्ययन गरी सोधिएका प्रश्नहरुको उत्तर दिनुहोस् ।)

 

Elements	Electronic configuration
A	2,8,1
B	2,8,8,2
C	2,8,7
D	2,8,8

i) What are the name and valencies of element A,B,C? (A, B, C को नामर संयुजता लेख्नुहोस् ।)

The name of element A

Name and Valencies of elements A, B and C are:

Element	Name	Valency
A	Sodium	1
B	Calcium	2
C	Chlorine	1

 

ii) Name the compound formed by combination of B and C with molecular formula. (तत्व B र C को संयोजन बाट बन्ने यौगिकको नाम र आणबिक शुत्र लेख्नुहोस् ।)

The compound formed by the combination of B and C is Calcium Chloride and its molecular formula is CaCl₂.

iii) What is valency of element D, why? (तत्व D को संयुजता कति हो, किन?)

The valency of Element D (Argon) is 0. This is because it has 8 electrons in its outermost shell, meaning it has already attained stability and does not need to donate, share, or lose electrons.

 

iv) Draw atomic structure of element B. (तत्व B को परमाणविक संरचना बनाउनुहोस् ।)

21. "All alkalis are bases but all the bases are not alkalis." Justify the

statement. How acid rain forms? What are the negative impacts

of acid rain in daily life? (सबै अल्कालीहरु क्षार हुन् तर सबै क्षारहरु अल्काली होईनन्, यो वाक्यलाई स्पष्ट पार्नुहोस्। अम्लियवर्षा कसरी हुन्छ ?

दैनिकजीवनमाअम्लियवर्षाकोनकारात्मक असरहरु उल्लेख गर्नुहोस् ।)

Metallic oxides and hydroxides are called bases. However, only those bases that are soluble in water are classified as alkalis. Because some bases (like certain metallic oxides) do not dissolve in water, they are bases but not alkalis.

Acid rain forms when oxides of nitrogen and sulphur (produced by burning fossil fuels, factories, or volcanic eruptions) react chemically with water in the atmosphere. This reaction creates sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) and nitric acid (HNO₃), which then fall to the ground with rainwater.

• Negative Impacts of Acid Rain:
1. It makes water sources like rivers and lakes acidic, which is harmful to aquatic life.
2. It damages the leaves of plants and reduces the overall quality and fertility of the soil.

 

Model Question-4

 

F.M .:- 50                                                                                                  Time: 2hrs

Sub :- Science and Technology

बहुवैकल्पिक प्रश्नहरु Multiple Choice Questions.

समूह क Group "A" 10*1=10

1. तलका प्रश्नको ठिक विकल्पमा गोलो चिह्न (O) लगाउनुहोस्। Circle the

correct alternative of the following questions.

a. दिगो विकासको कुन पक्षले शान्ति र न्यायमा जोड दिएको छ ? Which aspect

of sustainable development emphasizes peace and justice?

i) आर्थिक Economics                                 ii) सामाजिक Social

iii) वातावरणीय Environmental                iv) सांस्कृतिक Cultural

b. Where does fertilization take place in flowering plants?

(फूलफूल्ने बिरुवामाप्रजननकुन भागबाट हुन्छ ?)

i) Stigma                                                        ii) ovary

iii) ovule                                                       iv) style

c. दुईओटा बसहरु A र B दुवै पूर्वतिर एकै स्थानबाट एकैपटक गुड्न सुरु गरे। यदि ती बसहरुको गति क्रमशः 20m/s र 15m/s छ भने बस B को सापेक्षमा बस A को गति कति हुन्छ ? Two buses A and B are moving due west from the same station at the same time with velocities of 20m/s and 15m/s respectively. The relative velocity of bus B with respect to A is .........

i) 5 m/s               ii) -5m/s             iii) 35m/s           iv) -35m/s

d. By which method is the cotton seed dispersed?

i) By air               iii) By birds         iii) By insects    iv) By water                     

e. वायुमण्डलीय चाप मापन गर्न प्रयोग हुने उपकरणको नाम के हो ? What is the name of the instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure?

i) थर्मोमिटर Thermometer                                      ii) ब्यारोमिटर Barometer

iii) ल्याक्टोमिटर Lactometer                                  iv) म्यानोमिटर Manometer

f. शून्य ठाउँमा ताप प्रसारण क्रिया कसरी हुन्छ ? How does the heat transmit in a vacuum ?

i) सञ्चालन Conduction             ii) संवाहन Convection

iii) उत्सेदन Transpiration i           v) विकिरण Radiation

g. दिइएका मध्ये चुम्बकीय गुण हरासको कारण कुन होइन ? Which of the following is not the cause of demagnetization?

i) चुम्बकमा विद्युत प्रवाह गराउँदा Electricity passed in magnet.

ii) विपरित ध्रुवहरु जोड्दा Opposite poles are joined

iii) चुम्बकलाई हिर्काउँदा When magnet is hammered

iv) चुम्बकलाई तताउँदा When magnet is heated

h. What charge contain in the nucleus of the atom?  (परमाणुको न्युक्लियसमा कुन चार्ज हुन्छ ?)

i) Positive                                       ii) Negative

iii) Chargeless                 iv) none of above

i. चित्रमा दिइएको परमाणुको संकेत के हो ?

What is the symbol of the element given in the figure ?

i) C                       ii) Na                   iii) S                     iv) Si

j. परमाणविक अकारको बढ्दो क्रम कुन हो ? Which is the correct increasing order of atomic size?

i) O, F, N       ii) F, O, N     iii) O, N, F     iv) N, O, F

 

समूह ख Group "B"

अति छोटो उत्तर आउने प्रश्नहरु Very Short Answer Questions.  8*1=8

2. Write the condition for the survey. (कुनअवस्थामा सर्वे गरिन्छ,लेख्नुहोस् ।)

A survey is conducted when there is a need to collect data related to a specific topic or problem directly from a target group to derive a conclusion.

3. What is layering in vegetative propagation?  (भजिटेटिभ प्रोपागेसनमा लेयरिड के हो?)

Layering is an artificial method of vegetative propagation where a soft branch from the lower part of a plant's stem is bent down and covered with soil until it develops a new root system, after which it is separated from the parent plant to grow independently.

4. Define gametogenesis. (ग्यामेटोजिनेसिस लाई परिभाषितगर्नुहोस् ।)

Gametogenesis is the biological process of producing reproductive cells, known as gametes (sperm and ova), within the testes and ovaries.

 

5. What is the principle of lever? (उत्तोलकको सिद्धान्त लेख्नुहोस् ।)

The principle of lever states that when a lever is in a balanced or equilibrium condition, the Effort × Effort Distance is equal to the Load × Load Distance.

6. Define relative velocity. (सापेक्षिकगतिलाई परिभाषितगर्नुहोस् ।)

Relative velocity is defined as the velocity of an object measured with respect to a specific reference point or another moving body.

7. What is wavelength?(तरङ्गदुरी भन्नाले के बुभिन्छ ?)

Wavelength is the distance traveled by a wave in one complete vibration; it is also defined as the distance between any two consecutive crests, troughs, compressions, or rarefactions.

8. What is the importance of earthing? (अर्थिङ्गको महत्व लेख्नुहोस् ।)

Earthing is vital because it protects electrical equipment from leakage currents by discharging them directly into the ground, which prevents electrical fires and allows for the easy identification of damaged wires.

9. Write any two uses of metalloids. (अर्धधातुको कुनै दुई प्रयोग उल्लेख गर्नुहोस्

Metalloids, such as silica, are utilized in the industrial sector for the manufacture of glass and ceramics.

समूह ग Group "C"

छोटो उत्तर आउने प्रश्नहरु Short Answer Questions.       8*16

10. प्रयोगशालामा प्रयोगात्मक कार्य गर्दा हाइड्रोक्लोरिक अम्ल एकजना विद्यार्थीको

हातमा परेर जल्यो। यस्तो दुर्घटना हुन नदिनका लागि अपनाउनुपर्ने कुनै दुई

सावधानीहरु लेख्नुहोस् । A student hand was burn with hydrochloric acid  while doing practical work in laboratory. Mention any two safety measures to avoid such accident.

11. सामाजिक सञ्जालका दुई फाइदाहरु उल्लेख गर्नुहोस्। Mention two

benefits of social media.

12. . दिइएको चित्र अध्ययन गरी निम्न प्रश्नहरको उत्तर दिनुहोस् ।

Study the given figure and answer the following questions.

i) दिइएको चित्रको पहिचान गर्नुहोस्र । Identify the given figure.

The Given figure is the figure of bacteriophage virus.

ii) के यसमा कोषा हुन्छ ? Does it have cell?

No, it does not have a cell.

13. दिइएको चित्रमा जनावर कोष देखाइएको छ । Animal cell is shown in the given figure.  

i) A को मुख्य कार्य के हो ? What is the main function of A?

The main function of A (plasma-membrane) is to check the entrance of chemicals passing in and out of cell.

ii) . A,B,र C मध्ये प्रजननमा कसको भूमिका हुन्छ ? नाम सहित लेख्नुहोस् । Among A, B and C, which has role in reproduction? Write with name.

Among A, B and C, B has role in reproduction. Its name is nucleus.

14. नेपालका कुने बुईओटा राष्ट्रिय निकुज्जको नाम सेखमुहोस्। Name any two national parks of Nepal.

Two National parks of Nepal are: Chitwan National park and Khaptad national park.

15. रिजेनरेसन भनेको के हो?  यसवाट प्रजनन गर्ने कुनें दुई जनावरको नाम लेख्नुहोस्र । What is regeneration? Name any two animals which

reproduce by this process.

Regeneration is the process of asexual reproduction where a cut or separated piece of an organism's body grows and develops into a completely new body. Two examples of animals that reproduce using this method are Hydra and Planaria.

16. खनिजलाई शुद्ध रासायनिक पदार्थ मनिन्छ किन? Minerals are said to be pure chemicals, why?

Minerals are said to be pure chemicals because they are homogeneous solids that possess a definite chemical composition. They are naturally occurring substances found in the earth's crust.

 

17. रियाले जहिले पनि ट्युबबेलको पानीमा सुगा धुन्छिन। उनका सेता लुगा जति सबै चम्किला नभई धमिला खन। यसको कारण के होला ? यस्ती समस्या समाधान गर्न उनलाई के सुकाव दिनुहुन्छ ? Riya always washes her cloths in tubewell water. White clothes become dull instead of shiny. What is the reason for this dullness of white clothes? What do you suggest to solve problem?

Tubewell water hard water. It contains dissolved salts such as calcium and magnesium bicarbonates, sulphates, or chlorides. When soap is used with hard water, it produces less lather, and scum accumulates on the clothes, causing them to become dull over time.

To overcome this problem, Riya should use the following methods to soften the water:

i) Boiling  ii) using washing soda iii) permutit method

समूह घ Group"D"

लामो उत्तर आउने प्रश्नहरु Long Answer Questions 4*4=16

18. १३ प्रोटोन र १४ न्यूट्रोन भएको तत्वको परमाणु संरचना बनाउनुहोस् र आधुनिक आवर्त सारणीमा यसको समूह लेख्नुहोस्। Draw the atomic structure of the element having 13 protons and 14 neutrons and mention its group in the modern periodic table.

 

27) विज्ञान तथा प्रविधि विषयको पाठ्यपुस्तकको soft copy प्राप्त गर्न प्रयोग हुने स्रोत कुन हो ? तिनलाई जनाउने एउटै शब्द लेख्नुहोस्। यी स्रोत प्रयोग गर्दा अपनाउनु पर्ने कुनै दुई सुरक्षा उपाय लेख्नुहोस्। Which source is used to get soft copy of your Science and Technology textbook? Write one single word representing these sources and write any two safety measures.

विज्ञान तथा प्रविधि विषयको पाठ्यपुस्तकको soft copy प्राप्त गर्ने स्रोत इन्टरनेट हो।

यी स्रोतलाई जनाउने एउटै शब्द: अनलाइन स्रोत (Online source)

दुई सुरक्षा उपाय:

• विश्वसनीय वेबसाइटबाट मात्र सामग्री डाउनलोड गर्ने।
• बलियो पासवर्ड प्रयोग गर्ने र व्यक्तिगत जानकारी गोप्य राख्ने।

The source used to get softcopy of our science and technology is the Internet.
One single word representing these sources is Online source

Two safety measures while getting softcopy through online are:

• Download only from trusted websites.
• Use strong passwords and protect personal information.

 

 

28) स-साना गुलिया सुन्तला फल्ने एक वर्ष पुरानो बिरुवा र ठूला गुलिया सुन्तला फल्ने अर्को बिरुवाको प्रयोग गरी ठूलो र गुलियो सुन्तला उत्पादन गर्न कुन प्रजनन विधि उपयुक्त हुन्छ? यस विधिका तीन चरण वर्णन गर्नुहोस्। Which reproduction method is suitable for producing large and sweet oranges? Describe three steps of this method.

ठूलो र गुलियो सुन्तला उत्पादन गर्ने विधि उपयुक्त प्रजनन विधि: कलमी (Grafting) हो ।

तीन चरण:

• राम्रो गुण भएको बिरुवाबाट चयन (Scion) काट्ने।
• अर्को स्वस्थ बिरुवाको मूल भाग (Stock) मा चिरा लगाउने।
• सायनलाई स्टकमा राखी बाँध्ने र सुरक्षित गर्ने।

यसरी दुवैका राम्रो गुण भएका सुन्तला उत्पादन हुन्छन्।

Suitable method for producing large and sweet oranges is: Grafting

Its three steps are:

1. Cut a scion from a plant with desirable traits.
2. Make a cut in the stock plant.
3. Join the scion to the stock and tie it properly.

21. दिइएको उत्तोलकको चित्र हेरी प्रश्नहरूको उत्तर दिनुहोस्:

A) यो कुन दर्जाको उत्तोलक हो?

Which class lever is this?

यो देस्रो दर्जाको उत्तोलक हो । It is second Class lever.

B) यसको एउटा वास्तविक उदाहरण लेख्नुहोस्।

Write one real example.

यसको एउटा वास्तविक उदाहरण सुपारी काट्ने सरोता हो ।

Its real example is nut cracker.

C) प्रयास र भारको स्थान परिवर्तन गर्दा कुन दर्जाको उत्तोलक बन्छ? एउटा

उदाहरण लेख्नुहोस्। What happens when effort and load positions are interchanged?

प्रयास र भारको स्थान परिवर्तन गर्दा तेस्रो दर्जाको उत्तोलक (Third class lever) बन्छ। उदाहरण: मानव हात (Human forearm)

When effort and load positions are interchanged, it becomes a Third class lever. Example: Human forearm.

 

30) सूचक पदार्थ प्रयोग गर्दा प्राप्त नतिजाका आधारमा Result bases after using indicators.

परीक्षण नमुना Sample	मिथाइल अरेन्ज Methyl Orange	लिटमस पेपर Litmus Paper	फेनोल्प्थालिन Phenolphthalein
नमुना A (Sample A)	X	रातो (Red)	रडहीन (Colourless)
नमुना B (Sample B)	पहेलो Yellow	Y	गुलाफी (Pink)

 

A) X र Y ले कुन रङ जनाउँछन्? Which colour do X and Y represent?

X represents red colour and Y represents blue colour.

B) नमुना A र B मध्ये कुन अम्लीय हो? Which sample is acidic?

Sample A is acidic.

C) क्याल्सियम कार्बोनेटसँग प्रतिक्रिया गर्दा कुन नमुनाबाट CO2 ग्यास निस्कन्छ? Which sample produces CO2 when reacted with calcium

carbonate?

Sample A produces CO₂ when reacted with calcium carbonate.