Unit 3: Life cycle of Honey Bee
Multiple
Choice Questions: [1 mark each]
1.
The practice of
keeping honey bee for the extraction of honey and wax is called ……………
a) sericulture b) apiculture c)
floriculture d) bee culture
2.
Which sex do
worker bee belong to?
a) female b) male c)
hermaphrodite b) both
3.
What is the
nature of honey?
a) acidic b) alkaline c) neutral d)
alkaline after some days
4.
Which of the
following honey bee has diploid number of chromosome?
a) drone bee b) queen bee c)
worker bee d) both b and c
5.
Queen bee is
formed from egg after ………….. days.
a) 23.5 b)
21 c) 18 d) 16
6.
How long does
the development of male bee take?
a) 23.5 b)
21 c) 18 d) 16
7.
How long does it
take for a honey bee egg to hatch?
a) 2-3 days b) 5-6 days c)
9-10 days d) 13-14 days
8.
The branch of
biology which deals with the study of insects is called ……………..
a) Anthropology b) Entomology c)
zoology d) Anatomy
9.
Which of the
following hormone is secreted by queen bee?
a) insulin b) serotonin c) cytosine d)
pheromone
10. Which bee is formed when the royal jelly is fed
throughout the larval period?
a) Drone b)
queen c) worker d) both b and c
11. How many simple eyes does a bee have?
a) 3 b)
2 c) 6 d) 4
12. For how long can a queen honey bee live?
a) about 2-3 years b) about 6 weeks c) about 24 weeks d) up to 10 years
13. How much honey can single honeybee make in its life
time?
About ½ teaspoon b) about a table spoon c)
about 500gm d) about 1/8 of tablespoon
14. How many chromosomes are therein an unfertilized egg
of honey bee?
a) 16 pairs b) 32 c)
16 d) 8
15. At what age do worker bees make wax and hexagonal
wax cell of the comb?
a) 1-3 days b) 4-6 days c) 7-11 days d) 12-17 days
Answers:
1(b), 2(a), 3(a), 4(d),
5(d), 6(a), 7(a), 8(b), 9(d), 10(b), 11(a), 12(a), 13(a), 14(c), 15(d)
Very
short Answer Questions: [1 mark
each]
1.
Name two species
of domestic honey bee.
Two species of domestic honey bee are: Apismellifera
and Apiscerana
2.
What is a bee
hive?
A colony of honeybee in which different
members of honeybee is grown is called bee hive.
3.
Name the members
of the honey bee.
The members of honey bee are queen,
drone and worker.
4.
What is a comb?
The hexagonal cells made up of bee wax
in honey bee hive is called honey comb.
5.
By what factor
do drone and worker bee find their hives?
Worker and drone bee find their hives by
the a special smell secreted by queen bee called pheromone.
6.
Which bee is
formed when the royal jelly is fed to larva for 3 days?
Drone bee is formed when the royal jelly
is fed to larva for 3 days.
7.
What is the
number of chromosomes in the drone bee?
The number of chromosomes in drone bee
is 16.
8.
What is the number
of chromosomes in worker and queen bee?
The number of chromosomes in worker and
queen bee are 32 (16 pairs).
9.
What is
swarming?
The process by which a new honeybee
colony is formed when a queen bee leaves colony with a large group of worker
bee is swarming.
10. What are worker bees?
Worker bees are the female sterile bees
which are developed from fertilized eggs.
11. What are drone bee?
Drone bees are the fertile male bees
which are developed from unfertilized eggs.
12. What is royal jelly?
Royal jelly is a highly nutritious
creamy-white substance composed mainly of water, proteins, sugars, lipids,
vitamins, and mineralssecreted by worker honeybees to feed their larvae and the
queen bee.
13. What is bee bread?
Bee bread is a mixture of nectar and
pollen which is fed to larvae of worker and drone bee for some days.
14. What is nectar?
A sweet liquid secreted by flowers of
various plants to is called nectar.
15. What is nuptial flight?
The flight of queen bee with drone for
mating with drone in air is called nuptial flight.
16. What is the number of eggs laid by queen bee each
day?
Queen bee lays 1500-3000 eggs each day.
17. How many eggs does queen bee lay in its lifetime?
A queen bee lays 1-2 lakh eggs in its
lifetime.
18. What is bread basket?
Bread basket of a honeybee is a pollen
basket which is a specialized structure found on the hind legs of worker
honeybees to store and transport pollen and nectar.
19. What type of mouthparts are present in honeybee?
Chewing and lapping type of mouth parts
are present in honey bee.
20. Define metamorphosis.
Metamorphosis is the process of
transformation of physical as well as behavior of an organism.
21. What would happen to the honeybee colony if there
would no queen?
The honeybee colony would die off if
there would no queen.
22. What is the medicinal value of venom of honey bee?
Bee venom is used as antifungal,
anti-bacterial and anti-cancer drug.
23. What is melittin used for?
Melittin is use for making anti-inflammatory drug.
Short
Answer Questions: [2 marks each]
1.
Why is honeybee
called social insect?
Honeybees are called social insects
because they live in large, well-organized colonies where there is a well-defined division of
labourand exhibit complex behaviors that promote the survival and success of the
entire colony.
2.
Why are honeybee
called the vital pollinator?
Honeybee are called vital pollinator
because they help in cross pollination in large scale during the collection of
nectar and pollen. Thus, the fertilization of large number of flowering plants
depend on the pollination by honeybee.
3.
Why Is honey a
good diet for human body?
4.
Honey is a
natural sweetener that is rich in health-promoting plant compounds such as
polyphenols, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, iron, zinc and
antioxidants. It has potential health benefits, such as improved blood
sugar, heart health, wound healing, and weight loss as well as
anti-inflammatory. So honey is a good diet for human being.
5.
How will you
distinguish queen bee and worker bee?
We will distinguish between a queen bee
and a worker bee, by observing the following differences:
a)
Size: The queen
bee is larger than worker bees. She has a longer and more elongated abdomen
b)
Wings: The wings
of a queen bee are shorter in proportion to her body compared to worker bees.
c)
Behavior: Queen
bees have a different behavior than worker bees. Queens are primarily focused
on laying eggs and rarely participate in foraging or hive maintenance tasks.
d)
Presence: There
is usually only one queen bee in a colony, whereas there are thousands of
worker bees.
6.
Write the
differences between drone bee and worker bee.
Differences between drone bee and worker
bee are:
|
Drone
bee |
Worker
bee |
|
1.
It is a male
bee |
1.
It is a female
bee. |
|
2.
Its function
is to copulate with Queen. |
2.
It function is
to collect nectar, pollen and to defense the colony. |
|
3.
It has haploid
number of chromosomes. |
3.
It has diploid
number of chromosomes. |
7.
Write the
differences between queen bee and worker bee.
|
Queen
bee |
Worker
bee |
|
1.
It is fertile. |
1.
It is sterile. |
|
2.
It is larger. |
2.
It is smaller. |
|
3.
It can survive
up to 5 years. |
3.
It can survive
for seven weeks |
|
4.
It's function
is to lay eggs. |
4.
Its function
is to collect nectar, look after the colony, make honey comb and defend the
invaders. |
8.
Write the
differences between drone bee and queen bee.
|
Drone
bee |
Queen
bee |
|
1.
It is a male
bee. |
1.
It is a female
bee. |
|
2.
It has haploid
number of chromosomes. |
2.
It has diploid
number of chromosomes. |
|
3.
Its life span
is about 4 months. |
3.
Its life span
is 2-5 years. |
|
4.
Its function
is to mate with queen and keep the hive warm in winter. |
4.
Its function
is to mate with drone, lay eggs and produce pheromone to keep the hive
intact. |
9.
Write two
functions of drone bee.
Two functions of drone bee are:
a) To copulate with queen bee during
nuptial flight.
b) To keep the hive warm during winter season.
10. Write any two similarities between queen and worker
bee.
Two similarities between queen and
worker bee are:
a)
Both are female
bee.
b)
Both have poison
gland.
c)
Both are diploid
and formed from fertilized eggs.
11. The drone bee dies after mating with queen bee, why?
The drone bee dies after mating with
queen bee because the mating process is quite violent and involves the male
drone forcefully inserting his genitalia into the queen's reproductive tract.
The genitalia of the drone is hooked,
which allows it to remain securely attached to the queen during mating.
However, when the mating is complete, the drone is unable to withdraw its
genitalia without tearing it from its body. The drone's abdomen is then
ruptured, resulting in its death.
12. What purpose is served by keeping beehives near crop
field?
By keeping beehive near crop field
increases the pollination efficiency and thus increase the crop yield.
13. Drone cannot gather their own food. Give reason.
Drone do not have well developed proboscis. They
have very short proboscis which is not long enough to such nectar from the
flowers. So, drone bee cannot gather their own food from flowers.
15. Male bees die after mating with a queen, why?
After mating with a queen, their penis and abdominal
tissue are expelled with the sperm. As a result, due to the loss of the part of
abdomen, they die with painful and difficult death.
Long
Answer Questions: [4 marks each]
1.
Bee keeping is
the major means of earning foreign currency in Nepal. Justify this statement.
Apiculture or beekeeping is the practice of
scientific maintenance of honeybee colonies in hives, collection of bee
products and marketing them professionally. Its investment cost is low. So,
poor landless farmers can also start this business. It can assist to solve the
unemployment problem. Honey bee contains substances like fructose, glucose,
sucrose and maltose as energy giving food. Along with these it contains enzymes,
vitamins and minerals. Honey is sold at high price in the market due to its
medicinal value. Its demand is increasing day by day. Besides these honey wax
is used for making cosmetics, creams, beauty lotions, etc. Royal jelly has high
medicinal value which is used for the treatment of influenza, high blood
pressure, respiratory infection, eye disease, etc. Bee venom is used to make
anti-cancer drug which is sold at the rate of 70 Lakh per kilogram. Honey bee
are good pollinator and they help in increasing the crop yield. Therefore,
Beekeeping and proper rearing of honeybee and processing them to make large
number of products can be a good source of earning foreign currency. But
processing should be done according to the demand and quality of international
market.
2.
Write in brief
about the queen bee with a neat and labeled diagram.
Queen bee is
only the fertile female bee in a hive. It is largest bee in the hive which
participates in the copulation and laying eggs. It’s wings are smaller than its
body and has large abdomen gradually tapering towards the anus. It copulate
with drone bee in air called nuptial flight. After copulation, it lays single
egg in each comb of the hive. Such eggs can be fertilized or unfertilized.
Every unfertilized egg contains 16 chromosomes and fertilized eggs contains 32
chromosomes. The fertilized egg is laid by the queen to hatch out larva for the
next queen. It is served by the worker bee. A queen bee is mainly responsible
for:
a)
Laying about
1500-3000 eggs everyday visiting different combs in the hive.
b)
Producing a
fragrance called pheromone to keep the bees of hive together.
c)
Take part in
mating with drone in air once in life time.
3.
Draw a diagram
to show the life cycle of honeybee. Or Explain the life cycle of honey bee with
necessary diagram.
The life cycle
of honeybee is similar to that of the other insects and it is completed in four
stages namely egg, larva, pupa and adult.
a)
Egg: A queen bee
lays 1500 to 3000 eggs per day by visiting the comb. The egg is elongated and
light pink in colour. The eggs are either fertilized or unfertilized. The
fertilized eggs form worker and queen bee depending upon the royal jelly while
unfertilized eggs form male bee called drone.
b)
Larva: After 3
days the eggs are hatched into larva. Each larva is fed with royal jelly by
worker bee. The larva which form drone and worker bee get royal jelly for 3
days only. Thereafter, they are fed with pollen bread. The larva which form
queen bee get royal jelly for 5.5 days.
c)
Pupa: After 5.5
to 6 days, each larva develops into pupa. Queen bee takes 5.5 days to change
into pupa while worker and drone bee takes 6 days to change into pupa. Pupa are
inactive but there is the development of new tissues and organs. This process
is called histogenesis. It takes 1 to 2 weeks to form an imago inside the comb.
It takes 14.5 days for worker bee, 12 days for drone and 7.5 days for queen bee
to turn into an adult.
d)
Adult bee: The
worker bee formed after pupal stage work inside the hive. They feed larvae,
repair and clean the comb, form new comb for three weeks and then they go out
to collect pollen and nectar to form honey. After the formation of new
generation, the queen bee shift to another place with old members of the
colony. The worker bee lives for 7 weeks, drone for 4 months and queen for 2 to
5 years.
Fig:
Life Cycle of Honey bee
4.
Write any four
roles of queen bee.
Any four roles
of queen bee are:
a)
To lay eggs so
as to increase the population of the colony by mating with drone.
b)
To produce
special odour that can easily be recognized by all honey bee of the colony
which help them to identify the hive.
c)
To make new
colony through swarming.
d)
To lead,
control, regulate and maintain integrity of the colony.
5.
Draw the figure
of trimorphic members of honeybee.
6.
The egg stage of
bees are given in cell a, b and c of bee hive. At what condition will the egg a
develop into queen, egg b into drone and egg c into worker bee?
Egg a will
develop into queen if it is fertilized egg, kept in the queen cell and if the
royal jelly is fed to the larva hatched from this egg for 5.5 days.
Egg b will
develop into drone if this egg is unfertilized and the larva developed from
this egg is fed royal jelly for 3 days and then bee bread for next 3 days.
Egg c will
develop into worker be if this egg is fertilized and the royal jelly is fed
first 3days and then bee bread for next three days.
7.
Why is it
important to know about the life cycle of honeybee before keeping honey bee?
8.
It is important
to know about the life cycle of honeybee before keeping honey bee because of
the following reasons:
9.
Understand bee
behavior: Knowing the life cycle stages (egg, larva, pupa, and adult) and
the roles of each bee (queen, worker, and drone) allows beekeepers to recognize
and interpret their behavior accurately. This understanding helps them to
manage the colony effectively and ensure its health.
Maintain colony
balance: Understanding the life cycle enables beekeepers to manage the
population effectively, ensuring there are enough worker bees to forage for
food and maintain the hive, drones for mating, and a queen to lay eggs.
Prevent
swarming: By understanding the life cycle, beekeepers can recognize the
signs of swarming and take appropriate measures to prevent it, such as
providing more space or introducing a new queen.
Disease and pest
management: A thorough knowledge of the honeybee life cycle allows beekeepers
to identify and address potential disease and pest problems at an early stage.
This ensures the health and productivity of the colony.
Maximize honey
production: Understanding the life cycle of honeybees enables beekeepers
to manage the colony more effectively, ensuring that the bees are healthy,
well-nourished, and able to produce an optimal amount of honey.
10. Honeybee is considered as useful insect. Give any
four reasons to justify the statement.
Honeybees are
considered useful insects for the following reasons:
a)
Pollination: Honeybees
play a crucial role in pollinating flowers as they collect nectar and pollen
for food. This pollination helps plants reproduce and is essential for the
growth of many plants, and crops that make up a significant portion of human
food sources.
b)
Honey
production: Honeybees produce honey by collecting nectar from flowers and
storing it in their hives. This honey is not only a delicious natural sweetener
but also has several medicinal and nutritional properties.
c)
Beeswax production: Beeswax
is a natural substance produced by honeybees to build their honeycomb
structures. Humans use beeswax for various purposes, such as making candles,
cosmetics, and as a natural food preservative.
d)
Biodiversity
support: Honeybees contribute to overall biodiversity by pollinating a
wide variety of plants, allowing these plants to produce seeds and propagate.
This, in turn, supports other insects and animals that rely on these plants for
food and shelter, thus contributing to a healthy ecosystem.
11. Write any two features of each of the following:
i) Egg of honey
bee ii) Larvae of honey be iii) Pupa of honey bee iv) Adult of honey bee
Egg of honey
bee:
a) it is elongated and light pink in
colour.
b) Eggs may be fertilized or
unfertilized.
ii) Larva of
honey bee:
a) It is about 4-5 mm in length.
b) It is curved or C shaped with
pearly white colour.
iii) Pupa of
honey bee
a) It is generally 6-7mm in length.
b) It is oval shaped and creamy
white in colour.
iv) Adult of
honey bee
a) it is 12-15 mm in length.
b) Its body is divided into head,
thorax and abdomen.
12. Write two functions of each of the age group of
worker bee.
a) 1-3 days b) 4-6 days c) 7-11 days d) 12-17
days e) 18-20 days f) 21 days above
1-3 days:
i) Keep the hive clean.
ii) Keep the hive warm.
2-6 days:
i) Feed the older larvae.
ii) Larn to feed themselves.
7-11 days:
i) Secret royal jelly from royal
gland.
ii) feed royal jelly to young
larvae.
12-17 days:
i) Secret wax from four pairs of wax
gland in their abdomen.
ii) Build honey comb using wax.
18-20 days:
i) Defend the hive.
ii) Wax gland degenerate and poison
gland develops.
21 days above:
i) Go for foraging.
ii) Collect nectar, pollen, water
etc. and transfer them to hive.
13. w
Glossary:
|
Word |
Meaning |
|
Nectar |
Sugary liquid secreted by nectar
glands of flower |
|
Royal jelly |
A special type of secretion
produced by hypohharyngeal gland of the worker bees which contains water,
protein, sugar, amino acids, fatty acids and vitamin. |
|
Apology: |
Study of honeybees |
|
Queen bee: |
Only fertile female bee of the
colony. |
|
Drone: |
Male bee of the bee hive. |
|
Worker bee: |
Sterile female bee involves in
various activity. |
|
Nuptial flight: |
Flying of queen bee with drone
for mating |
|
Metamorphosis: |
The process which involves egg,
larva, pupa and adult to complete life cycle. |
|
Spermatheca: |
A special structure of the queen
where sperm is stored after mating with drone. |
|
Moulting |
Shedding off the skin by larva |
|
Honeycomb: |
Mass of hexagonal cells made by
worker bee using their wax. |
|
Apiculture: |
The commercial rearing of bee |
|
Melittology: |
Branch of entomology that deals
with the scientific study of bees. |
|
Mandible: |
Lower jaw |
|
Probosis: |
A long elongated part of mouth
used for sucking and piercing. |
|
Histogenesis: |
Formation of tissue from an
undifferentiated mass. |
|
Cholesterol: |
A sterol found in all animal
tissue |
|
Melittin: |
A polypeptide that is main toxin
in bee venom. |
|
Tonsillitis: |
Inflammation of palatine tonsil. |
|
Hypopharyngeal gland: |
A pair of exocrine glands found
in the head of honey bees responsible for the production of royal jelly. |
|
Propolis: |
A resinous substance collected
from certain trees by bees for sealing hives |
|
Bronchitis: |
Acute inflammation of the mucus
membrane of bronchial tube. |
|
Arthritis: |
Any of the several disease of
joints. |
|
Foraging: |
The act of searching for food. |
|
Swarming: |
Migration of bee along with queen
to form new colony. |
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