HTML
HTML Exercise
Define webpage and website.
Webpage is the collection of electronic documents provided by the website to the user in internet and a collection of webpages is called website.
Differentiate between static and dynamic webpage.
What is web browser? List any four popular web browsers.
Web browser is an application software for accessing the information on the world wide web. Four popular web browsers are: Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera, Mozilla Firefox.
What is a search engine? List any four popular search engines.
Search engine is a web application or website which helps to search the information from the world wide web. Four popular search engines are: Yahoo, Google, Bing, AOL
What is protocol? List any four popular protocols.
The set of rules to interconnect the network devices and used to transmit messages from one device to another device throughout the internet is called protocol. Four popular protocols are: HTTPs (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure), FTP (File transfer protocol), TCP/IP (Transmission Cotrol Protocol/Internet Protocol), UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
Define URL, DNS and WWW.
URL: URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address of a specific webpage or file on the internet.
DNS: DNS (Domain Name System) is the form of internet service for naming services or any other resources connected to internet. It is a phonebook of internet which translate human readable domain name(www.neb.gov.np) to an IP address: 197.192.01.01
WWW: WWW(World Wide Web) is a vast connection of interconnected documents and resources that can be easily access over the internet through web browsers.
What is e-mail? Write its types.
E-mail, short form of electronic mail, is a method of exchanging digital messages over the internet. It allows individuals to send and receive messages, files, and other data using electronic devices such as computers, smartphones, and tablets. Its types are:
a) Email client: It is a client based e-mail provided by ISP. Example: Microsoft outlook, Apple mail, etc.
b) Webmail: It is based on online email services. Example: Gmail, Yahoomail.
What are web publishing and web hosting?
Web publishing is defined as the process of creating uploading and posting website on the Internet. It is the process of creating a website and placing it on the Web server.
Web hosting refers to the service that allows individuals and organizations to make their websites accessible via the World Wide Web.
What is HTML? Write major features and structure of HTML.
HTML, or HyperText Markup Language, is the standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications. The major features of HTML are:
a. It is the language which can be easily understood and can be modified.
b. Effective presentations can be made with the HTML with the help of its all formatting tags.
c. It provides the more flexible way to deign web pages along with the text.
d. Links can also be added to the web pages so it helps the readers to browse the information of their interest.
e. We can display HTML documents on any platforms such as Macintosh, Windows and Linux etc.
f. Graphics, videos and sounds can also be added to the web pages which give an extra attractive look to our web pages.
Static Webpage |
Dyanmic Webpage |
1. It is simple and non-interactive. |
It is complex and interactive. |
2. Its content remain same every time it is accessed. |
Its content change each time it is accessed. |
3. It is developed by using web-based scripting languages such as HTML and CSS. |
It is developed by using programming languages such as JavaScript, Perl, ASP, PHP, Java, etc. |
4. It needs manual update. |
It is updated automatically. |
5. Example: blogs, landing pages |
Example: Social media, Online store |
Sturcture of HTML
An HTML document has a specific structure consisting of three main parts:
a. <DOCTYPE declaration>: This line specifies the document type as HTML and helps the browser interpret the code correctly.
b.
<html> element:
This
is the root element of the entire document and contains all other
elements.
c.
<head> and
<body>
elements:
<head>
contains
meta information about the document, like title, character encoding,
and links to external stylesheets.
<body>
contains
the main content of the webpage that users see, including
text, images, links, and other elements.
What is meta? Explain the importance of meta in web search.
Meta tags are HTML tags that provide information about a web page's content to search engines and website browsers. They are placed in the head section of the HTML code and are not visible to visitors on the web page. Meta are important in web search in the following ways:
Helping the search engines determine the topic of your webpage
Helping people understand the contents of your webpage
Avoiding duplicate content issues
Driving clicks and organic search traffic.
What is an object in HTML? Explain with examples.
An object in HTML is an element that allows the inclusion of external resources, such as images, videos, or other types of multimedia, into a web page. For example:
<html>
<head><title> embedding</title>
<body>
<h1> Picture</h1>
<object data=”pic1.jpg” width=”300” height=”200”></object>
</body>
</html>
Here, <object> tag is a container tag for external source.
Pic1 is the file for embedding picture
How is table drawn in HTML? Write the functions of rospan and colspan in a table.
A table is the collection of rows and columns. To draw a table in HTML we use <table> tag with sub tags <tr> for table row, <td> for table data and <th> for table header. Moreover, we can use <caption> tag for adding caption.
The functions of rospan and colspan are mentioned below:
ROWSPAN is an attribute that allows a cell to span multiple rows in a table. When a cell has a ROWSPAN value greater than 1, the cell will extend across a specified number of rows. This is particularly useful when a piece of information needs to be repeated across multiple rows.
COLSPAN, on the other hand, is an attribute that allows a cell to span multiple columns in a table. When a cell has a COLSPAN value greater than 1, the cell will extend across a specified number of columns. This is particularly useful when a piece of information needs to be repeated across multiple columns.
What is form tag? Write any three form elements with respective examples.
A form is a graphical interface on webpage for the users to enter data. It allows users to input information, submit data, send feedback, search for content, and perform various other actions. Three elements of form with their respective examples are:
a.
<input>element: Used for various input types, including text fields, checkboxes, radio buttons, passwords, and more.
Input:
HTML
<label for="name">Name:</label><input type="text" id="name" name="username">Checkbox example:
HTML
<label for="interests">Interests:</label><input type="checkbox" id="interests" name="interests" value="music"> Music<input type="checkbox" id="interests" name="interests" value="sports"> Sports
<textarea> element:
Creates a multi-line text input area for longer text entries.
HTML
<label for="comments">Comments:</label><textarea id="comments" name="comments" rows="4" cols="50"></textarea>
Write the functions of <frameset> and <iframe>
The functions of frameset are:
a. Divided a browser window into multiple, independent frames.
b. Each frame could load a separate HTML document.
c. Used for creating layouts with distinct sections (e.g., navigation, content, sidebar).
The functions of iframe are;
a. It is used to embed a frame directly inline with other elements of the webpage.
a.
What is CSS? Explain the various types of CSSs.
CSS stands for Cascading style sheet. It is a text file which contains set of properties for determining how information on web page should e displayed. There are 3 types of CSS
Inline CSS, Internal CSS and External CSS
Inline CSS: Inline CSS contains the CSS property in the body section attached to the element is known as inline CSS. This kind of style is specified within an HTML tag using the style attribute.
Internal or Embedded CSS: This can be used when a single HTML document must be styled uniquely. The CSS rule set should be within the HTML file in the head section i.e. the CSS is embedded within the <style> tag inside the head section of the HTML file.
External CSS: It contains separate CSS files that contain only style properties with the help of tag attributes (For example class, id, heading, … etc). CSS property is written in a separate file with a .css extension and should be linked to the HTML document using a link tag. It means that, for each element, style can be set only once and will be applied across web pages.
Long Answer questions:
Explain the stages of web development process.
There are several approaches of web development process. The most common approach consists of four stages.
a. Planning : The planning stage is the foundation of the web development process. It involves defining the project goals, target audience, and the purpose of the website.
b. Designing: It requires technical tools such as advance hardware and software. This includes choosing color schemes, typography, and imagery that align with the brand identity and appeal to the target audience.
c. Development: It starts with coding using different programming languages like HTML, CSS, JavaScrip, ASP, PHP, etc. according the requirement of client. Graphics, audio, video and animation etc are embedded on the webpages to make it more attractive and informative. Content creation is also critical stage in web development as it involves developing compelling and relevant content for the website. This includes writing copy, creating images or videos, and ensuring that all content is optimized for search engines (SEO).
d. Launch and Maintenance: Once the website is developed, it undergoes rigorous testing to identify and fix any issues or bugs. After fixing the errors, the website is hosted by webserver by using any popular file transfer protocol software like FileZilla, WinSCP, Cyberduck, etc. After the website is launched, it enters into the maintenance stage. This involves regular updates, bug fixes, security patches, and performance optimizations to ensure that the website remains functional and up-to-date.
What is internet? Explain the uses and misuses of internet.
Internet is a global public networking system which interconnects millions of networks or individual devices like mobile, computers, etc by using common sets of standard rules called TCP/IP.
The use of internet are:
a. Information Sharing: Anyone can retrieve, share or post information to public by making websites or by using the existing websites.
b. E-mail: We can send and receive email instantly using email services like g-mail, Hotmail, yahoo mail, etc.
c. Online services: Digital online services such as online shopping, reservation, education, banking, etc. using different platforms through internet.
d. Communication: Internet is also the source of communication. Video, audio calls and conferencing are possible because of the Internet.
e. Entertainment: We can get various amusement activities in the Internet such as games, gambling, movies, song, dating etc.
f. Job searching: Internet has made possible for the people to post search and apply blob throughout the world using various pop portals like LinkedIn indeed job.com jobsNepal.
Misuses of internet:
a. Misuse of Information: personal information, password, bank account, etc. can be accessed by unwanted users. It has made a challenge to secure our personal information from being leaked.
b. Spamming: spamming refers to the practice of sending unsolicited and often irrelevant messages or content, typically in bulk, to a large number of recipients. This can occur through various communication channels such as email, instant messaging, social media, and text messaging.
c. Cybercrime: The crimes committed via computer or internet is known as Cybercrime. Frauding, stealing information, violating privacy, pornography, cyber threat, cyber bullying, hacking, phishing, etc.
What is CMS? Explain the importance of CMS in web development process.
CMS stands for content management system. It is a kind of software which helps the users to create, manage and modify the content on the website without specialized technical knowledge.
The importance of CMS in the web development process are as follows:
a. It allows non-technical people to create, edit and publish content.
b. CMS platforms typically provide tools to organize and categorize content, making it easier to maintain a structured and navigable website.
c. It allows the role base content management to the users.
d. CMSs often separate content from design, allowing developers to create templates and themes separately.
e. Many CMSs support multiple languages, making it easier to create websites with global reach.
f. CMSs often have extensive plugin or extension ecosystems, allowing developers to add additional features and functionality to the website easily.
g. CMS developers typically release updates to address security issues and improve performance, helping to keep websites secure and up-to-date.
What is HTML5? Explain the basic structure of HTML5.
HTML5 is a web page and website developing hypertext markup language which is an improved version of HTML4 and XHTML1. It has more features on multimedia, application programming interface (API) for complex web applications, cross0platform, mobile application. The basic structure of HTML5 defined by using the following elements:
<main>, <section>, <article>, <header>, <footer>, <aside>, <nav> and <figure>
<main> : it defines the unique content of document that must not be more than one <main> in a document.
<Section> : This tag represents a generic document or application section. It can be used together with h1-h6 to indicate the document structure.
<article> : This tag represents an independent piece of content of a document, such as a blog entry or newspaper article.
<header> This tag represents the header of a section.
<footer> his tag represents a footer for a section and can contain information about the author, copyright information, etcetera.
<aside> This tag represents a piece of content that is only slightly related to the rest of the page.
<nav> This tag represents a section of the document intended for navigation.
<figure> This tag can be used to associate a caption together with some embedded content, such as a graphic or video.
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